Bad River (Wisconsin)
| Bad River | |
|---|---|
 The Bad River in Copper Falls State Park in 2006 | |
 Map of the Bad River watershed | |
| Location | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Wisconsin |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | Caroline Lake |
| • coordinates | 46°16′05″N 90°33′40″W / 46.26806°N 90.56111°W[1] |
| • elevation | 1,522 ft (464 m)[2] |
| Mouth | Lake Superior |
• location | Bad River Indian Reservation |
• coordinates | 46°38′17″N 90°39′09″W / 46.63806°N 90.65250°W[1] |
• elevation | 600 ft (180 m)[1] |
| Length | 74.3 mi (119.6 km)[3] |
| Basin size | 1,061 sq mi (2,750 km2)[4] |
| Official name | Kakagon and Bad River Sloughs |
| Designated | 2 February 2012 |
| Reference no. | 2001[5] |
The Bad River is a river flowing to Lake Superior in northern Wisconsin in the United States. It flows for 119.6 kilometres (74.3 mi)[3] in Ashland County, draining an area of 1,061 square miles (2,750 km2) in portions of Ashland, Bayfield and Iron counties. The Bad River sloughs were designated a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance on February 2, 2012.
Course
[edit]The Bad River issues from the southwestern end of Caroline Lake,[6] a 129-acre (52 ha) shallow lake on the boundary of Ashland and Iron counties which drains an area of acidic peatlands to its east.[7] The Bad River initially flows southwestwardly before turning generally to the north for most of its course, along which it passes through the city of Mellen, Copper Falls State Park, and the community of Odanah in the Bad River Indian Reservation.[6] In the vicinity of Mellen, the riverbed is commonly bedrock and boulder-strewn with numerous whitewater rapids; the river passes over waterfalls and through a granite gorge in Copper Falls State Park.[7] In its lower course in the Bad River Reservation the river's delta along Lake Superior contributes to a 16,000-acre (6,500 ha) complex of wetlands known as sloughs.[8]
The Bad River's largest tributary is the White River,[4] which it collects near its mouth. Other principal tributaries include the Potato and Marengo rivers in its lower course; the Tyler Forks at Copper Falls State Park; and the Iron River upstream of Mellen.[6]
Wetlands
[edit]The Kakagon and Bad River Sloughs are one of the sites listed in the list of wetlands of international importance under the Ramsar Convention, which was signed in 1971 and entered into force in the US in 1987. It is one of 35 such sites in the US, which cover a total of 4,515,100 acres (1,827,196 ha). The Sloughs were designated on February 2, 2012, and cover 10,760 acres (4,355 ha). It is a "largely undeveloped wetland complex composed of sloughs, bogs and coastal lagoons that harbor the largest natural wild rice bed on the Great Lakes". Two rare mammal species, the grey wolf and the Canada lynx, are found in the wetlands, as are numerous populations of migratory and local bird species, including the endangered piping plover. The rice beds are necessary for maintaining genetic diversity in wild rice strains that grow around Lake Superior, and they are harvested using historic techniques by local tribes. The wetlands are threatened by invasive species, potential upriver mining and wastewater from human activities.[9]
Variant names
[edit]The United States Board on Geographic Names issued a decision clarifying the Bad River's name and course in 1965. According to the Geographic Names Information System, the stream has also been known historically as:[1]
- Mashki-Sibi
- Maskesipi
- Maskigo
- Mushkeesebe
- Swamp River
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Geographic Names Information System. "GNIS entry for Bad River (Feature ID #1578679)". Retrieved 2007-02-07.
- ^ Geographic Names Information System. "GNIS entry for Caroline Lake (Feature ID #1562727)". Retrieved 2007-02-07.
- ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map Archived 2012-03-29 at the Wayback Machine, accessed May 1, 2012
- ^ a b Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. "Sum of watershed areas of Lower and Upper Bad River; Marengo River; Potato River; Tyler Forks; White River". Watersheds of Wisconsin. Archived from the original on 8 February 2007. Retrieved 2007-02-07.
- ^ "Kakagon and Bad River Sloughs". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
- ^ a b c DeLorme (1992). Wisconsin Atlas & Gazetteer. Freeport, Maine: DeLorme. pp. 95, 103. ISBN 0-89933-247-1.
- ^ a b Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. "Upper Bad River Watershed". Archived from the original on 2006-10-01. Retrieved 2007-02-07.
- ^ Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. "Lower Bad River Watershed". Archived from the original on 13 February 2007. Retrieved 2007-02-07.
- ^ "The Annotated Ramsar List: United States of America". The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. January 30, 2013. Retrieved 2013-12-04.