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Haddon Hall

Coordinates: 53°11′38″N 1°38′59″W / 53.1939°N 1.6498°W / 53.1939; -1.6498
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the English country house. For the opera by Arthur Sullivan, see Haddon Hall (opera). For other uses, see Haddon Hall (disambiguation).

Haddon Hall
Haddon Hall in 2010
Haddon Hall is located in Derbyshire
Haddon Hall
Location within Derbyshire
General information
TypeCountry house
Town or cityBakewell, Derbyshire
CountryUnited Kingdom
Coordinates53°11′38″N 1°38′59″W / 53.1939°N 1.6498°W / 53.1939; -1.6498
Website
www.haddonhall.co.uk
Listed Building – Grade I
Official nameHaddon Hall
Designated29 September 1951
Reference no.1334982[1]
Designated4 August 1984
Reference no.1000679[2]

Haddon Hall is an English country house on the River Wye near Bakewell, Derbyshire, a former seat of the Dukes of Rutland. It is the home of Lord Edward Manners (brother of the incumbent Duke) and his family. In form a medieval manor house, it has been described as "the most complete and most interesting house of [its] period".[3] The origins of the hall are from the 11th century, with additions at various stages between the 13th and the 17th centuries, latterly in the Tudor style.

The Vernon family acquired the Manor of Haddon by a 12th-century marriage between Sir Richard de Vernon and Alice Avenell, daughter of William Avenell II. Four centuries later, in 1563, Dorothy Vernon, the daughter and heiress of Sir George Vernon, married John Manners, the second son of Thomas Manners, 1st Earl of Rutland. A legend grew up in the 19th century that Dorothy and Manners eloped. The legend has been made into novels, dramatisations and other works of fiction. She nevertheless inherited the Hall, and their grandson, also John Manners, inherited the Earldom in 1641 from a distant cousin. His son, another John Manners, was made 1st Duke of Rutland in 1703. In the 20th century, another John Manners, 9th Duke of Rutland, made a life's work of restoring the hall.

History

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Haddon Hall's Long Gallery, c.1890
Haddon Hall's Long Gallery, 2017

The origins of the hall date to the 11th century. William Peverel held the manor of Haddon in 1087, when the survey which resulted in the Domesday Book was undertaken. Though it was never a castle, the manor of Haddon was protected by a wall after a licence to build one was granted in 1194.[4] The hall was forfeited to the Crown in 1153 and later passed to a tenant of the Peverils, the Avenell family. Sir Richard de Vernon acquired the manor in 1170 after his marriage to Alice Avenell, the daughter of William Avenell. The Vernons built most of the hall, except for the Peveril Tower and part of the Chapel of St Nicholas, which preceded them, and the Long Gallery, which was built in the 16th century.[5][6] Richard's son, Sir William Vernon, was a High Sheriff of Lancashire and Chief Justice of Cheshire.[7] Prominent later family members include Sir Richard Vernon (1390–1451), also a High Sheriff, MP and Speaker of the House of Commons.[7] His son Sir William was Knight-Constable of England and succeeded him as Treasurer of Calais and MP for Derbyshire and Staffordshire; his grandson Sir Henry Vernon KB (1441–1515) Governor and Treasurer to Arthur, Prince of Wales, married Anne Talbot daughter of the Earl of Shrewsbury and rebuilt Haddon Hall.[7]

Courtice Pounds as John Manners in Haddon Hall, 1892

Sir George Vernon (c. 1503 – August 31, 1565) had two daughters, Margaret and Dorothy. Dorothy married John Manners, the second son of Thomas Manners, 1st Earl of Rutland in 1563.[8] Sir George supposedly disapproved of the union, possibly because the Manners were Protestants while the Vernons were Catholics, or possibly because the second son of an earl had uncertain financial prospects.[9] According to legend, Sir George forbade John Manners from courting the famously beautiful and amiable Dorothy and forbade his daughter from seeing Manners.[10] Shielded by the crowd during a ball given at Haddon Hall by Sir George in 1563, Dorothy slipped away and fled through the gardens, down stone steps and over a footbridge where Manners was waiting for her, and they rode away to be married.[11] If indeed the elopement happened, the couple were soon reconciled with Sir George, as they inherited the estate on his death two years later.[11][12] Their grandson, also John Manners of Haddon, inherited the Earldom in 1641, on the death of his distant cousin, George, the 7th Earl of Rutland, whose estates included Belvoir Castle.

That John Manners' son was John, the 9th Earl, and was made 1st Duke of Rutland in 1703. He moved to Belvoir Castle, and his heirs used Haddon Hall very little, so it lay almost in its unaltered 16th-century condition, as it had been when it passed in 1567 by marriage to the Manners family. In the 1920s, another John Manners, the 9th Duke of Rutland, realised its importance and began a lifetime of meticulous restoration, with his restoration architect Harold Brakspear.[citation needed] The current medieval and Tudor hall includes small sections of the 11th-century structure, but it mostly comprises additional chambers and ranges added by the successive generations of the Vernon family. Major construction was carried out at various stages between the 13th and the 16th centuries. The banqueting hall (with minstrels' gallery), kitchens and parlour date from 1370, and the St. Nicholas Chapel was completed in 1427. For generations, whitewash concealed and protected their pre-Reformation frescoes.

The 9th Duke created the walled topiary garden adjoining the stable-block cottage, with clipped heraldic devices of the boar's head and the peacock, emblematic of the Vernon and Manners families. Haddon Hall remains in the Manners family to the present day,[13] and is occupied by Lord Edward Manners, brother of the 11th Duke of Rutland, and Lady Edward Manners since they decided in 2016 to relocate to the hall.[6][14]

The house was Grade I listed in 1951[1] following the passing of the Town and Country Planning Act 1947. The estate and gardens were separately listed at Grade I in 1984 on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England.[2]

In 2011, the hall's foundations were identified as needing urgent repairs to mitigate potential damage to the ornate plaster ceiling and central bay of the Long Gallery, but the owners were unable to finance repairs.[15] In 2021, a £262,662 grant from Historic England, together with an additional £50,000 from the Historic Houses Foundation, enabled works to be started.[16][17][18][19][20]

Layout

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The hall stands on a sloping site, and is structured around two courtyards; the upper (north-east) courtyard contains the Peverel or Eagle Tower and the Long Gallery, the lower (south-west) courtyard houses the Chapel, while the Great Hall lies between the two. As was normal when the hall was built, many of the rooms can only be reached from outside or by passing through other rooms, making the house inconvenient by later standards.

A plan of Haddon Hall, 1909[3]

In literature and the arts

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Poster: 1906 production of Dorothy Vernon of Haddon Hall

The hall has figured prominently in a number of literary and stage works, including the following, all of which describe the Vernon/Manners elopement:

  • A story entitled King of the Peak – A Derbyshire Tale, written by Allan Cunningham, was published in the London Magazine in 1822.
  • An 1823 novel, The King of the Peak – A Romance, in three volumes, was written by William Bennett (1796–1879), writing under the pseudonym Lee Gibbons.[21]
  • "The Love Steps of Dorothy Vernon", a short story by Eliza Meteyard (1816–1879), writing under a pseudonym in 1849, was the first full-blown version of the legend. It was first published in the December 29, 1849 issue of Eliza Cook's Journal and then in The Reliquary, October 1860, p. 79.[22]
  • A light opera, called Haddon Hall, with music by Arthur Sullivan and a libretto by Sydney Grundy, premiered in London in 1892.
  • A novel called Dorothy Vernon of Haddon Hall was written in 1902 by American Charles Major and became a best seller.
  • A play of the same name, based on Major's novel, was written by American playwright Paul Kester. It debuted on Broadway in 1903.[23]
  • Fred Terry and his wife Julia Neilson adapted that play for London, calling it Dorothy o' the Hall, where it played in 1906.[24][25]
  • A 1924 film, Dorothy Vernon of Haddon Hall, starring Mary Pickford, was adapted by American screenwriter Waldemar Young (grandson of Brigham Young) from the Major novel.[26]
  • Frederick Booty, the English watercolourist, painted Haddon Hall several times, including pictures of the peacocks in the gardens.[27]
  • English painter Joseph Nash depicted the main hall in oils in 1838, a painting later used (with alterations) as the cover art for the 1975 album Minstrel in the Gallery by progressive rock band Jethro Tull.[28]

In film and television

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A view from Haddon Hall, showing Dorothy Vernon Bridge over the Wye River

The hall has been used as a location for filming, including in Treasure Houses of Britain (1985);[citation needed] The Princess Bride (1987);[29] the BBC's adaptation of The Silver Chair (1990);[citation needed] Jane Eyre (1996);[citation needed] Elizabeth (1998);[citation needed] Pride & Prejudice (2005);[citation needed] Jane Eyre (2006);[30] Jane Eyre (2011);[26] A Tudor Feast at Christmas (2013);[31] Time Crashers (2015);[32] Gunpowder (2017);[33] and Firebrand (2023).[34]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Historic England. "Haddon Hall (Grade I) (1334982)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
  2. ^ a b Historic England. "Haddon Hall (Grade I) (1000679)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
  3. ^ a b "Gotch JA, The Growth of the English House, 1909". Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2006.
  4. ^ Davis, Philip. "English Licences to Crenellate: 1199-1567" Archived 4 February 2021 at the Wayback Machine, The Castle Studies Group Journal 20, 2007, pp. 226–45
  5. ^ "Haddon Hall" Archived 5 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine, PeakDistrictInformation.com, accessed 26 July 2015
  6. ^ a b "Haddon Hall: History and Virtual Tour; Owners of Haddon Hall" Archived 4 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine, HaddonHall.co.uk, accessed 15 November 2012
  7. ^ a b c Brydges, Edgerton. Collins's Peerage of England, Vol. VII (1812), pp. 399–401
  8. ^ Trutt, p. 24
  9. ^ Walford, Edward. "Tales of Our Great Families: The Heiress of Haddon Hall" Archived 25 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine. 1877, Haddon Hall Books edition 2010, accessed 10 September 2011
  10. ^ Trutt, p. 7
  11. ^ a b Trutt, p. 8; Although it is known that Dorothy's older sister, Margaret, had been married for several years before Dorothy's marriage, in many versions of the legend, the ball is a pre-wedding celebration for Margaret.
  12. ^ See "Haddon Hall" Archived 29 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine. Britain Express, accessed 6 September 2011; and "Haddon Hall" Archived 2007-08-16 at the Wayback Machine. Picturesque England, mspong.org, accessed 6 September 2011. The story was briefly mentioned in the personal journal of Absalom Watkin in 1817, after a visit to the Hall and its caretaker William Hage, but in its full-blown form, it was first published (or first documented, if one believes it to be history rather than legend) in The King of the Peak – A Derbyshire Tale, written by Allan Cunningham in 1822 and published in the monthly London Magazine. The story was romanticized further and published in many forms thereafter.
  13. ^ "Haddon Hall – the Estate" Archived 8 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine. The Gilbert and Sullivan Archive, accessed 6 September 2011
  14. ^ Family will be the first to live in Haddon Hall for nearly 200 years Archived 6 March 2022 at the Wayback Machine Derbyshire Times, 24 March 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2022
  15. ^ Haddon Hall gets Covid recovery funding for essential repairs to Elizabethan architectural masterpiece Derbyshire Times, 24 October 2021. Retrieved 6 March 2022
  16. ^ Cash boost to restore part of Derbyshire's Haddon Hall described as 'the most perfect English house to survive from the Middle Ages' Archived 4 March 2022 at the Wayback Machine Derbyshire Times, 11 January 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2022
  17. ^ Haddon Hall, Derbyshire Archived 4 March 2022 at the Wayback Machine Historic Houses Foundation. Retrieved 4 March 2022
  18. ^ Haddon Hall subsidence repairs secure funding Archived 4 March 2022 at the Wayback Machine BBC News, 7 November 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2022
  19. ^ Derbyshire's Haddon Hall at risk without 'vital' repair work Derbyshire Times, 23 November 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2022
  20. ^ Race to rescue historic Derbyshire hall Archived 4 March 2022 at the Wayback Machine Derby Telegraph, 27 December 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2022
  21. ^ Trutt (2006), p. 26
  22. ^ Trutt (2006), p. 39
  23. ^ ""Dorothy Vernon of Haddon Hall" - first Broadway production". Archived from the original on 23 September 2007. Retrieved 9 February 2007.
  24. ^ Smith, p. 28, fn.1
  25. ^ Trutt, David. Introduction and libretto to Dorothy o' the Hall Archived 18 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 5 August 2010
  26. ^ a b "Films and Television programmes featuring Haddon Hall" Archived 23 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine, The Estate Office, Haddon Hall, accessed 26 April 2018
  27. ^ Art auction results for Frederick Booty Archived 11 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Findartinfo.com. Retrieved 23 March 2010.
  28. ^ "Jethro Tull – Minstrel in the Gallery [1975]". Vinyl Connection. 4 September 2015. Archived from the original on 10 August 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  29. ^ Elwes, Cary; Layden, Joe (2014). As You Wish: Inconceivable Tales from the Making of The Princess Bride. Touchstone Books. pp. 111–113.
  30. ^ "Thornfield Hall in Masterpiece Theatre's Jane Eyre Archived 3 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine, hookedonhouses.net, 12 January 2009
  31. ^ ""A Tudor Feast at Christmas"". Archived from the original on 14 January 2009. Retrieved 20 December 2008.
  32. ^ Raeside, Julia (24 August 2015). "Time Crashers review: a great cast gets down and dirty in Olde England". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 5 May 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
  33. ^ Hordley, Chris (20 October 2017). "Where was BBC's Gunpowder Filmed?". Creative England. Archived from the original on 4 May 2019. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
  34. ^ Guild, Jude Law movie Firebrand filmed entirely at Haddon Hall in Derbyshire. "Jude Law movie Firebrand filmed entirely at Haddon Hall in Derbyshire". The Production Guild. Archived from the original on 3 March 2024. Retrieved 10 August 2024.

Sources

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Further reading

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Haddon Hall.
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Haddon Hall".
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