Csanád County

Csanád County
*Comitatus Chanadiensis* (Latin)
*Csanád vármegye* (Hungarian)
*Komitat Tschanad* (German)
*Čanadská župa* (Slovak)
*Comitatul Cenad* (Romanian)
Csanád County Comitatus Chanadiensis (Latin); Csanád vármegye (Hungarian); Komitat Tschanad (German); Čanadská župa (Slovak); Comitatul Cenad (Romanian)
County of the Kingdom of Hungary; (11th century – 1542); County of the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom; (1542–1552); County of the Kingdom of Hungary; (1699–1786, 1790–1853, 1860–1923, 1945–1946); County of the Second Hungarian Republic; (1946–1949); County of the Hungarian People's Republic; (1949–1950)
	Coat of arms
	;
Capital	Marosvár (Csanád) 1028– ; ; Makó (1730–1950)
Area
• Coordinates	46°13′N 20°29′E / 46.217°N 20.483°E
• 1910	1,714 km2 (662 sq mi)
Population
• 1910	145,248
History
• Established	11th century
• Ottoman conquest	1552
• County recreated	1699
• Merged into Békés-Csanád-Csongrád County	1 June 1786
• County recreated	26 April 1790
• Merged into Békés-Csanád County	10 January 1853
• County recreated	20 October 1860
• Treaty of Trianon	4 June 1920
• Merged into Csanád-Arad-Torontál County	1923
• County recreated	1945
• Disestablished	16 March 1950
Today part of	Hungary; (1,469 km2); Romania; (245 km2)
	Cenad is now the name of the former capital.

Csanád was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now part of Hungary, except for a small area which is part of Romania. The capital of the county was Makó.

Geography

Csanád county shared borders with the Hungarian counties of Csongrád, Békés, Arad and Torontál. The river Maros (Mureș) formed its southern border. Its area was 1,714 km² around 1910.

History

The county's territory became part of the Kingdom of Hungary in the first half of the 11th century when Stephen I of Hungary defeated Ajtony, the local ruler. The county got its name after the commander of the royal army, Csanád. The king appointed Gerard of Csanád as the first bishop of Csanád. The county was initially much larger and included territories of the later Temes, Arad, and Torontál counties. The first seat of the county was Csanád (present-day Cenad, Romania).

The county's territory became part of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century. The settlement structure was almost completely destroyed during the Ottoman–Habsburg wars. In the Treaty of Karlowitz, the Ottoman Empire renounced its claims to the territories north of the Maros (Mureș) river. Csanád county was reorganized in the returned territories (with greatly reduced size than in medieval times). Makó became the seat of the reorganized county.

After World War I, the county was occupied by the Romanian army. In 1920, the Treaty of Trianon assigned a small area in the southeast of the county (the town of Nădlac and the villages of Șeitin, Turnu and Dorobanți) to Romania. The rest of the county was united with parts of Torontál county (a small area south of Szeged) and Arad county (a small area south of Békéscsaba) to form the new county of Csanád-Arad-Torontál in 1923.

After World War II, the county was recreated, but in 1950 it was divided between the Hungarian counties of Békés and Csongrád (since 4 June 2020, the latter was renamed to Csongrád-Csanád County). The Romanian part of the former Csanád county is now part of Arad County.

Demographics

Csanád county was one of the most densely populated counties of the Kingdom of Hungary. The Hungarians formed an ethnic majority in every district except for the district of Nagylak. The main part of the Slovaks lived in the district of Nagylak, the Romanians lived mostly in the districts of Nagylak and Battonya, while the Serbs lived in the district of Battonya.

Population by mother tongue^[a]
Census	Total	Hungarian	Slovak	Romanian	Serbian	German	Other or unknown
1880^[1]	109,011	75,344 (72.74%)	12,433 (12.00%)	11,099 (10.72%)	3,186 (3.08%)^[b]	1,111 (1.07%)	404 (0.39%)
1890^[2]	130,575	95,229 (72.93%)	15,735 (12.05%)	13,689 (10.48%)	3,853 (2.95%)	1,410 (1.08%)	659 (0.50%)
1900^[3]	140,007	103,242 (73.74%)	17,274 (12.34%)	13,982 (9.99%)	3,981 (2.84%)	1,182 (0.84%)	346 (0.25%)
1910^[4]	145,248	108,621 (74.78%)	17,133 (11.80%)	14,046 (9.67%)	3,967 (2.73%)	1,013 (0.70%)	468 (0.32%)

Population by religion^[c]
Census	Total	Roman Catholic	Calvinist	Lutheran	Eastern Orthodox	Greek Catholic	Jewish	Other or unknown
1880	109,011	53,634 (49.20%)	21,706 (19.91%)	12,820 (11.76%)	13,679 (12.55%)	4,133 (3.79%)	2,887 (2.65%)	152 (0.14%)
1890	130,575	65,991 (50.54%)	24,751 (18.96%)	16,298 (12.48%)	15,994 (12.25%)	4,362 (3.34%)	3,000 (2.30%)	179 (0.14%)
1900	140,007	71,610 (51.15%)	25,234 (18.02%)	18,384 (13.13%)	16,567 (11.83%)	4,520 (3.23%)	3,254 (2.32%)	438 (0.31%)
1910	145,248	76,075 (52.38%)	24,897 (17.14%)	19,095 (13.15%)	16,851 (11.60%)	4,438 (3.06%)	3,353 (2.31%)	539 (0.37%)

Subdivisions

In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Csanád county were:

Districts (járás)
District	Capital
Battonya	Battonya
Központ	Makó
Mezőkovácsháza	Mezőkovácsháza
Nagylak	Nagylak (now Nădlac)
Urban districts (rendezett tanácsú város)
Makó

The town of Nădlac is now in Romania; the other towns mentioned are now in Hungary.

Notes

^ Only linguistic communities > 1% are displayed.
^ Serbian and Croatian.
^ Only religious communities > 1% are displayed.

References

^ "Az 1881. év elején végrehajtott népszámlálás főbb eredményei megyék és községek szerint rendezve, II. kötet (1882)". library.hungaricana.hu. Archived from the original on 2021-10-17. Retrieved 2021-09-28.
^ "A Magyar Korona országainak helységnévtára (1892)". library.hungaricana.hu. Archived from the original on 2021-10-17. Retrieved 2021-09-29.
^ "A MAGYAR KORONA ORSZÁGAINAK 1900". library.hungaricana.hu. Archived from the original on 2021-10-17. Retrieved 2021-09-29.
^ "KlimoTheca :: Könyvtár". Kt.lib.pte.hu. Archived from the original on 2021-10-17. Retrieved 2021-09-29.

External links

Heraldry [1]

[1] Only linguistic communities > 1% are displayed.

[3] Serbian and Croatian.

[7] Only religious communities > 1% are displayed.

[2] "Az 1881. év elején végrehajtott népszámlálás főbb eredményei megyék és községek szerint rendezve, II. kötet (1882)". library.hungaricana.hu. Archived from the original on 2021-10-17. Retrieved 2021-09-28.

[4] "A Magyar Korona országainak helységnévtára (1892)". library.hungaricana.hu. Archived from the original on 2021-10-17. Retrieved 2021-09-29.

[5] "A MAGYAR KORONA ORSZÁGAINAK 1900". library.hungaricana.hu. Archived from the original on 2021-10-17. Retrieved 2021-09-29.

[6] "KlimoTheca :: Könyvtár". Kt.lib.pte.hu. Archived from the original on 2021-10-17. Retrieved 2021-09-29.

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[b]

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[c]

v t e Counties of the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen
Kingdom of Hungary	Abaúj-Torna Alsó-Fehér Arad Árva Bács-Bodrog Baranya Bars Békés Bereg Beszterce-Naszód Bihar Borsod Brassó Csanád Csík Csongrád Esztergom Fejér Fogaras Gömör-Kishont Győr Hajdú Háromszék Heves Hont Hunyad Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok Kis-Küküllő Kolozs Komárom Krassó-Szörény Liptó Máramaros Maros-Torda Moson Nagy-Küküllő Nógrád Nyitra Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun Pozsony Sáros Somogy Sopron Szabolcs Szatmár Szeben Szepes Szilágy Szolnok-Doboka Temes Tolna Torda-Aranyos Torontál Trencsén Turóc Udvarhely Ugocsa Ung Vas Veszprém Zala Zemplén Zólyom
Corpus separatum	Fiume
Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia	Bjelovar-Križevci Lika-Krbava Modruš-Rijeka Požega Srijem Varaždin Virovitica Zagreb