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Camden, New Jersey

Coordinates: 39°56′24″N 75°06′18″W / 39.94°N 75.105°W / 39.94; -75.105
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Camden, New Jersey
City
Flag of Camden, New Jersey
Flag
Official seal of Camden, New Jersey
Seal
Motto(s): 
In a Dream, I Saw a City Invincible[1]
Location of Camden in Camden County highlighted in red (right). Inset map: Location of Camden County in New Jersey highlighted in orange (left).
Location of Camden in Camden County highlighted in red (right). Inset map: Location of Camden County in New Jersey highlighted in orange (left).
Camden is located in Camden County, New Jersey
Camden
Camden
Location in Camden County
Camden is located in New Jersey
Camden
Camden
Location in New Jersey
Camden is located in the United States
Camden
Camden
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 39°56′24″N 75°06′18″W / 39.94°N 75.105°W / 39.94; -75.105
Country United States
State New Jersey
CountyCamden
Settled1626
IncorporatedFebruary 13, 1828
Named forCharles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden
Government
[6]
 • TypeFaulkner Act (mayor–council)
 • BodyCity Council
 • MayorVictor Carstarphen (D, term ends December 31, 2025)[2][3]
 • AdministratorTimothy J. Cunningham[4]
 • Municipal clerkLuis Pastoriza[5]
Area
[7]
 • Total10.34 sq mi (26.78 km2)
 • Land8.92 sq mi (23.10 km2)
 • Water1.42 sq mi (3.68 km2)  13.75%
 • Rank208th of 565 in state
7th of 37 in county[8]
Elevation
[9]
16 ft (5 m)
Population
 (2020)[10][11]
 • Total71,791
 • Estimate 
(2023)[10][12][13]
71,100
 • Rank532nd in country (as of 2023)[12]
14th of 565 in state
2nd of 37 in county[14]
 • Density8,047.4/sq mi (3,107.1/km2)
  • Rank50th of 565 in state
2nd of 37 in county[14]
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (Eastern (EDT))
ZIP Codes
08101–08105[15][16]
Area code856[17]
FIPS code3400710000[8][18][19]
GNIS feature ID0885177[8][20]
Websitewww.ci.camden.nj.us

Camden is a city in Camden County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. It is part of the Delaware Valley metropolitan region.[21] The city was incorporated on February 13, 1828.[22] Camden has been the county seat of Camden County[23] since the county's formation on March 13, 1844.[22] The city derives its name from Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden.[24][25] Camden is made up of over 20 neighborhoods,[26][27][28] and is part of the South Jersey region of the state.

The city has a long history, which traces back to local indigenous Lenape, who are believed to have inhabited this area 13–15,000 years prior to the first European settlers.[29] Quakers eventually settled in the area at the end of the 17th century and the start of the 18th century, drawn by promises of religious freedom, fairer taxation, and more representation in government.[29] The area was not popular for settlement until the Camden and Amboy Railroad came through in the second quarter of the 1800s.[29] In Camden, there is also a location that is tied to the Underground Railroad, which was the first stop on the Philadelphia to New York route and operated through the Macedonia African Methodist Episcopal Church. Established in 1832, this church stands as the oldest African American institution in the city.[30][29][31]

One of the largest population booms came from the founding of a preserving company known as The Campbell Soup Company.[29][31] This brought jobs to the area, encouraging people to move into the city for transportation considerations. Other major manufacturing companies moved into the area during the last half of the 1800s.[31] The growth of Camden continued until the 1950s with the help of the “big three” employers that maintained facilities within the city: RCA Victor, Campbell's Soup, and New York Ship. Drastic changes in the way workers went from disorganized to unionized increased labor costs to a point where the big three moved away from Camden in the mid-to-late-20th century.[32][31]

From a thriving industrial city to the flight of much of the population to suburbs, Camden has survived a number of changes to its demographics. Once known for violent crime,[33] the restructuring of the police force in 2013 has been credited for the decrease in that number.[33] As of January 2021, violent crime was down 46% from its high in the 1990s and at the lowest level since the 1960s. Overall crime reports in 2020 were down 74% compared to 1974, the first year of uniform crime-reporting in the city.[33]

Although revitalization efforts have been met with limited success so far, there are a number of philanthropic groups that are active in Camden.[34][35] Projects such as the redevelopment of the waterfront area brought three tourist attractions to the area: the USS New Jersey, the Freedom Mortgage Pavilion, and the Adventure Aquarium.[36] The city is the home of Rutgers University–Camden, which was founded as the South Jersey Law School in 1926,[37] and Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, which opened in 2012. Camden also houses both Cooper University Hospital and Virtua Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital. Camden County College and Rowan University also have campuses in downtown Camden. The "eds and meds" institutions account for roughly 45% of Camden's total employment.[38]

History

[edit]
Main article: History of Camden, New Jersey

Early history

[edit]
Benjamin Cooper House, built in 1734

In the early 17th century, the Dutch West India Company established Fort Nassau where the Delaware River meets Big Timber Creek, which is today known as Brooklawn. This settlement subsequently sparked competition from European Settlers over control of the fur trade in the area.[39] Ownership of the land switched numerous times, first with nobles under King Charles II (of Great Britain and Ireland), then the New Jersey Quakers in 1673. It was not before long that the Lenape Tribe and Quakers cohabited the area. The Quakers expansion, consumption of resources, along with the introduction of alcohol and disease, led to a decline in the Lenape population. The development of a ferry system along the Delaware River bolstered trade between Fort Nassau and Philadelphia.[39] Through Ferries, families were able to establish settlements in surrounding areas. In 1773, Jacob Cooper played a significant role in developing the area which is today known as Camden, named after Charles Pratt, the Earl of Camden.[39]

19th century

[edit]

In the 19th century Camden underwent significant changes, transitioning from a hub of transportation to a growing city. On February 13, 1828, Camden was officially recognized, being incorporated from sections of Gloucester County. Camden Township was established in 1832 which was the same area as Camden City until it was reduced in 1848.[22] In 1830, the Camden and Amboy Railroad Company was chartered in Camden, which connected ferry terminals from New York City to Philadelphia via rail. The railroad ended in Camden's Waterfront, where passengers would be ferried across the Delaware River to arrive in Philadelphia. Similarly to Camden's inception, transportation was a huge catalyst in its growth—the railroads opening in 1834 led to an increase in population and commerce.[40]

Early 20th century

[edit]

In Camden's transition into the 20th Century, Industry grew rapidly at the hands of companies such as the Victor Talking Machine Company (later RCA Victor), New York Shipbuilding Corporation, and Campbell Soup Company. These were major employers in Camden, at times employing tens of thousands in and outside of Camden.[41][42][43] The United States role in World War II made the New York Shipbuilding Company the largest and most productive ship yard in the world.[44] Its location on the Delaware River made it ideal to launch ships. In 1926, a bridge connected New Jersey and Pennsylvania made its debut opening, which was named the Benjamin Franklin Bridge in 1956.[45] The project cost $37 million, which New Jersey and Pennsylvania both paid equal parts of. The goal was to reduce ferry traffic between Philadelphia and Camden.

During the 1930s, Camden faced economic decline in the face of the Great Depression. It was due to Camden's thriving industry that they did not go bankrupt. However, by the 1950s, manufacturing came to slow causing industries to relocate and employment to dwindle.[46]

Camden also experienced dramatic shifts in its population demographic. Immigration from Eastern Europe made them the leading ethnic group by 1920, whereas it had previously been German, British, and Irish immigrants.[47] World War II caused African American migration towards Camden from the south, which increased their presence in Camden. Subsequently, Camden became ethnically and religiously segregated.[46] Camden Central Airport further facilitated migration, being active from 1929 to 1957.

Late 20th century

[edit]

In contrast to the growth and industrialization Camden experienced in the early 1900s, there came a drop in population and industry further into the 20th century.[48] Having reached its peak number of manufacturing jobs in 1950, by 1982 it was a quarter of what it had been. Post World War II, Campbell's Soup Company and RCA Victor had decentralized their production efforts in Camden.[49] This Capital Flight was an attempt to avoid an increase in labor wages which unionized workers were fighting for.[32][31] The New York Shipbuilding Company, a major contributor of naval units during World War II, shut down in 1967 due to low demand and mismanagement.[50]

During this period there was a large amount of white flight, in which white residents moved to surrounding suburbs in search of economic opportunity.[48] Along with this, civil unrest grew resulting in riots. Police brutality and crime were at an all-time high which further exacerbated Camden's problems.

Efforts to revitalize Camden began in 1980 with Mayor Randy Primas. In an attempt to generate income for the city, he pursued initiatives such as the construction of a riverfront state-prison and a trash-to-steam incinerator which received substantial opposition from residents.[51][52] With Milton Milan's election as Camden's next mayor, he declared the city bankrupt which resulted in $60 million of aid and the state's assumption of Camden's finances.[53] Another notable revitalization effort was the establishment of non-profit organization, The Parkside Business and Community In Partnership, which occurred in 1993 and is active today.[54]

21st century

[edit]
The River Line's Cooper Street–Rutgers University station stop

In recent years, Camden has transitioned from a manufacturing industry to an economy focused on education and healthcare. The Eds-and-Meds Industry has become the largest source of employment in Camden—with institutions such as Cooper University Hospital, Rowan University, Rutgers-Camden, Camden County College, Virtua, Our Lady of Lourdes Medical Center, and CAMcare.[55]

Revitalization efforts have persisted, bringing infrastructure such as the RiverLine and a park over the site of what was the Riverfront State Prison.[56][57] In 2013 the New Jersey Economic Development Authority introduced incentives for companies to relocate to Camden.[58] Other projects include the redevelopment of the Waterfront, the construction of the Philadelphia 76ers Training Complex, and the Subaru of America's headquarters.

Recent developments also include the revitalization of public spaces, such as the construction of Camden's first comprehensive park plan and the redevelopment of housing complexes like Camden's Branch Village and Ablett Village.[59][60] Additionally, investments have been made in education, with funding allocated for post-pandemic relief, facility renovations, and mental health support in Camden County.[61]

Furthermore, there are plans for a $2 billion expansion of Cooper University Hospital which further increases the current industry in Camden and indicates further developments in the city.[62]

Geography

[edit]

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 10.34 square miles (26.78 km2), including 8.92 square miles (23.10 km2) of land and 1.42 square miles (3.68 km2) of water (13.75%).[8][63]

Camden borders Collingswood, Gloucester City, Oaklyn, Pennsauken Township and Woodlynne in Camden County, as well as Philadelphia across the Delaware River in Pennsylvania.[64][65][66] Just offshore of Camden is Pettys Island, which is part of Pennsauken Township. The Cooper River (popular for boating) flows through Camden, and Newton Creek forms Camden's southern boundary with Gloucester City.

Camden contains the United States' first federally funded planned community for working class residents, Yorkship Village (now called Fairview).[67] The village was designed by Electus Darwin Litchfield, who was influenced by the "garden city" developments popular in England at the time.[68]

Neighborhoods

[edit]

Camden contains more than 20 generally recognized neighborhoods:[28]

Waterfront

[edit]
Main article: Camden Waterfront
The Camden waterfront seen from across the Delaware River in Philadelphia in 2005

One of the most popular attractions in Camden is the city's waterfront, along the Delaware River. The waterfront is highlighted by its three main attractions, the USS New Jersey, the Freedom Mortgage Pavilion, and the Adventure Aquarium.[36] The waterfront is also the headquarters for Catapult Learning, a provider of K−12 contracted instructional services to public and private schools in the United States.

The Adventure Aquarium was originally opened in 1992 as the New Jersey State Aquarium at Camden. In 2005, after extensive renovation, the aquarium was reopened under the name Adventure Aquarium.[69] The aquarium was one of the original centerpieces in Camden's plans to revitalize the city.[70]

The Freedom Mortgage Pavilion (formerly known as the BB&T Pavilion, Susquehanna Bank Center, and Tweeter Center) is a 25,000-seat open-air concert amphitheater opened in 1995 and renamed after a 2008 deal in which the bank would pay $10 million over 15 years for naming rights.[71]

The USS New Jersey (BB-62) was a U.S. Navy battleship that was active between 1943 and 1991. After its retirement, the ship was turned into the Battleship New Jersey Museum and Memorial, opened in 2001 along the waterfront. The New Jersey saw action during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and provided support off Lebanon in early 1983.[72]

Other attractions at the Waterfront are the Wiggins Park Riverstage and Marina, One Port Center, The Victor Lofts, the Walt Whitman House,[73] the Walt Whitman Cultural Arts Center, the Rutgers–Camden Center for the Arts and the Camden Children's Garden.

In June 2014, the Philadelphia 76ers announced that they would move their practice facility and home offices to the Camden Waterfront, adding 250 permanent jobs in the city creating what CEO Scott O'Neil described as "biggest and best training facility in the country" using $82 million in tax savings offered by the New Jersey Economic Development Authority.[74][75]

Riverfront State Prison[76] was a state penitentiary located near downtown Camden north of the Benjamin Franklin Bridge, which opened in August 1985 having been constructed at a cost of $31 million.[77] The prison had a design capacity of 631 inmates, but housed 1,020 in 2007 and 1,017 in 2008.[78] The last prisoners were transferred in June 2009 to other locations and the prison was closed and subsequently demolished, with the site expected to be redeveloped by the State of New Jersey, the City of Camden, and private investors.[79] In December 2012, the New Jersey Legislature approved the sale of the 16-acre (6.5 ha) site, considered surplus property, to the New Jersey Economic Development Authority.[57]

In September 2015, the Philadelphia-based real estate investment trust Liberty Property Trust announced its plans for a $1 billion project to revitalize Camden's Waterfront. This project plans to not only improve the infrastructure currently in place, but also to construct new buildings altogether, such as the new headquarters for American Water, which is a five-story, 222,376-square-foot office building.[80] American Water's new headquarters on the Camden Waterfront was opened in December 2018.[81]

Other construction projects in the Liberty Property Trust $1 billion project include a Hilton Garden Inn to be opened on the Camden Waterfront in 2020, which will contain 180 rooms, a restaurant, and space for conferences to be held. The Camden Tower, an 18-story, 394,164-square-foot office building which will be the headquarters for the New Jersey–based companies Conner Strong & Buckelew, NFI and The Michaels Organization, which is planned to finish construction in spring of 2019. Also included are apartments on 11 Cooper Street, which will be housing 156 units as well as a retail space on the ground level. The construction of these apartments is planned to be completed by the spring of 2019.[82]

In October 2018, Liberty Property Trust announced that they would be leaving the billion dollar project behind, and selling it to anyone who is interested, as a "strategic shift." They still plan on finishing buildings in which construction has already made significant progress, such as the Camden Tower, and the Hilton Garden Inn; however, they do not wish to start any new building projects on office buildings. They have stated that they wish to focus more on industrial space projects, rather than those of office spaces. However, Liberty Property Trust is still looking to develop four parcels of land along the Delaware river that is able to hold 500,000 square feet (46,000 m2) of land to be used for office space.[83] One such company that has made plans to take advantage of this is Elwyn, a nonprofit that assists those living with disabilities based in Delaware. In February 2019 Elwyn received approval for assistance from New Jersey's Grow NJ economic development program that will help in covering the costs of the building. This office building would be built along the Delaware river, on one of the parcels owned previously owned by Liberty Property Trust, next to the currently under construction Camden Tower.[84]

Port

[edit]

On the Delaware River, with access to the Atlantic Ocean, the Port of Camden handles break bulk, bulk cargo, as well as some containers. Terminals fall under the auspices of the South Jersey Port Corporation as well as private operators such as Holt Logistics/Holtec International. The port receives hundreds of ships moving international and domestic cargo annually and is one of the USA's largest shipping centers for wood products, cocoa and perishables.[85]

Climate

[edit]

Camden has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa in the Köppen climate classification) with hot summers and cool to cold winters.

Climate data for Camden, New Jersey
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 41
(5) 		45
(7) 		54
(12) 		65
(18) 		74
(23) 		82
(28) 		87
(31) 		85
(29) 		78
(26) 		67
(19) 		57
(14) 		46
(8) 		87
(31)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 24
(−4) 		26
(−3) 		33
(1) 		42
(6) 		52
(11) 		61
(16) 		67
(19) 		65
(18) 		58
(14) 		46
(8) 		38
(3) 		29
(−2) 		24
(−4)
Source: Weather.com "Camden, NJ Monthly Weather Forecast". Camden, NJ (08102). Weather.com. 2016. Retrieved September 14, 2016.

Environmental problems

[edit]

Air and water pollution

[edit]
Air pollutant cancer-risk assessment model in Camden city.

Situated on the Delaware River waterfront, the city of Camden contains many pollution-causing facilities, such as a trash incinerator and a sewage plant. Despite the additions of new waste-water and trash treatment facilities in the 1970s and 1980s, pollution in the city remains a problem due to faulty waste disposal practices and outdated sewer systems.[46] The open-air nature of the waste treatment plants cause the smell of sewage and other toxic fumes to permeate through the air. This has encouraged local grassroots organizations to protest the development of these plants in Camden.[86] The development of traffic-heavy highway systems between Philadelphia and South Jersey also contributed to the rise of air pollution in the area. Water contamination has been a problem in Camden for decades. In the 1970s, dangerous pollutants were found near the Delaware River at the Puchack Well Field, where many Camden citizens received their household water from, decreasing property values in Camden and causing health problems among the city's residents. Materials contaminating the water included cancer-causing metals and chemicals, affecting as many as 50,000 people between the early 1970s and late 1990s, when the six Puchack wells were officially shut down and declared a Superfund site.[87] Camden also contains 22 of New Jersey's 217 combined sewer overflow outfalls, or CSOs, down from 28 in 2013.[88][89]

Beginning in the fall of 2002, The Waterfront South Air Toxics Pilot Project was initiated when a DEP Workgroup made plans to study the Air Toxics of Camden City, specifically the Waterfront South neighborhood. The study was funded by a Community assessment, and a grant was provided from the USEPA to the DEP. The driving goal of the project was to develop tools that can quickly and accurately assess air quality. The project focused not only on air quality assessment, but also tools that can measure specific air toxics such as lead, arsenic, and cadmium which can come from various industrial manufacturing processes in the area.[90] The subsequent studies focused on the Waterfront South neighborhood in Camden due to resident concerns about air quality. The area, covering less than one square mile, houses various sources of pollution, including the Camden County Sewage Treatment plant, the County Municipal Waste Combustor, a licorice processing plant, and a cement manufacturing facility. The Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) collaborated with a Community Advisory Committee comprising residents and professionals from the neighborhood. The Committee aided in identifying all significant air emission sources for the study and helped develop risk reduction strategies to address identified pollutants based on their risk assessment findings.[91]

CCMUA

[edit]

The Camden City Municipal Utilities Authority, or CCMUA, was established in the early 1970s to treat sewage waste in Camden County, by City Democratic chairman and director of public works Angelo Errichetti, who became the authority's executive director. Errichetti called for a primarily state or federally funded sewage plant, which would have cost $14 million, and a region-wide collection of trash-waste.[46] The sewage plant was a necessity to meet the requirements of the Federal Clean Water Act, as per the changes implemented to the act in 1972.[92] James Joyce, chair of the county's Democratic Party at the time, had his own ambitions in regard to establishing a sewage authority that clashed with Errichetti's. While Errichetti formed his sewage authority through his own power, Joyce required the influence of the Camden County Board of Chosen Freeholders to form his. Errichetti and Joyce competed against each other to gain the cooperation of Camden's suburban communities, with Errichetti ultimately succeeding. Errichetti's political alliance with the county freeholders of Cherry Hill gave him an advantage and Joyce was forced to disband his County Sewerage Authority.[46]

Errichetti later replaced Joyce as county Democratic chairman, after the latter resigned due to bribery charges, and retained control of the CCMUA even after leaving his position as executive director in 1973 to run for mayor of Camden. The CCMUA originally planned for the sewage facilities in Camden to treat waste water through a primary and secondary process before having it deposited into the Delaware River; however, funding stagnated and byproducts from the plant began to accumulate, causing adverse environmental effects in Camden. Concerned about the harmful chemicals that were being emitted from the waste build-up, the CCMUA requested permission to dump five million gallons of waste into the Atlantic Ocean. Their request was denied and the CCMUA began searching for alternative ways to dispose of the sludge, which eventually led to the construction of an incinerator, as it was more cost effective than previously proposed methods. In 1975, the CCMUA purchased Camden's two sewage treatment plants for $11.3 million, the first payment consisting of $2.5 million and the final payment to be made by the end of 1978.[46]

Contamination in Waterfront South

[edit]
Aerial photo of the Phoenix Park site pre-renovation.

Camden's Waterfront South neighborhood, located in the southern part of the city between the Delaware River and Interstate 676, is home to two dangerously contaminated areas, Welsbach/General Gas Mantle and Martin Aaron, Inc., the former of which has been emanating low levels of gamma radiation since the early 20th century.[93][94][95] Several industrial pollution sites, including the Camden County Sewage Plant, the County Municipal Waste Combustor, the world's largest licorice processing plant, chemical companies, auto shops, and a cement manufacturing facility, are present in the Waterfront South neighborhood, which covers less than one square mile. The neighborhood contains 20% of Camden's contaminated areas and over twice the average number of pollution-emitting facilities per New Jersey ZIP Code.[96]

Phoenix Park under renovation.

According to the Rutgers University Journal of Law and Urban Policy, African-American residents of Waterfront South have a greater chance of developing cancer than anywhere in the state of Pennsylvania, 90% higher for females and 70% higher for males.[citation needed] 61% of Waterfront South residents have reported respiratory difficulties, with 48% of residents experiencing chronic chest tightness. Residents of Waterfront South formed the South Camden Citizens in Action, or SCCA, in 1997 to combat the environmental and health problems imposed from the rising amount of pollution and the trash-to-steam facilities being implemented by the CCMUA.[citation needed] One such facility, the Covanta Camden Energy Recovery Center (formerly the Camden Resource Recovery Facility), is located on Morgan Street in the Waterfront South neighborhood and burns 350,000 tons of waste from every town in Camden County, aside from Gloucester Township. The waste is then converted into electricity and sold to utility companies that power thousands of homes.[52]

Phoenix Park post-renovation after 2015 grand opening.

On December 12, 2018, renovation of Phoenix Park in Waterfront South was completed. The renovation was done by the Camden County Municipal Utilities Authority as well as the Camden Stormwater Management and Resource Training Initiative. According to officials, the park will improve air quality and stormwater management. Additionally, the park features walking trails providing a view of the Delaware River. Due to the project's success, it was named one of the 10 most innovative uses of federal water infrastructure funding in the country by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Environmental Council of the United States.[97]

Former Harrison Avenue Landfill

Within the waterfront Cramer Hill neighborhood of Camden City at the intersection of Cooper River and the Delaware River, a landfill site operated from the years 1952 to 1971. This landfill spanned 86 acres; debris and garbage consistently drifted into the riverbank while in operation, thus contaminating the waterfront and wildlife of the Delaware River. The landfill was never officially closed, which made it a location ripe for illegal dumping and unauthorized disposal of trash and toxins. In 2006, the Salvation Army allocated $59 million from the Ray and Joan Kroc estate to clean up and later construct a Salvation Army Kroc Center on 24 acres of this land which, as of the opening in 2014, serves as a community center for residents of Camden City. After 2014, an additional $74 million was granted towards the remediation of the former landfill: $22 million came from the HDSRF, $4 million in public funds, and the remaining $48 million was granted in settlement of natural resource damage from contributing polluters.[98][99]

Utilizing these funds, the NJDEP Office of Natural Resource Restoration (ONRR) embarked on a collaborative project to transform the former landfill into Cramer Hill Waterfront Park which was officially opened for public use in November 2021. The park spans 62 acres in which existing freshwater wetlands were restored and protected and several amenities were provided to the park. The NJDEP ONRR states, “Other features one may enjoy within the park include a grassed amphitheater, an entry plaza, exercise stations, a fishing plaza extending into the pond, 3 miles of hiking/biking paths and trails, historic and educational signage, a picnic area, a playground, the sensory garden, multiple shoreline observation areas, and a summit vista with panoramic views of downtown Camden, the Camden Waterfront, the Delaware River, Petty’s Island, the Benjamin Franklin Bridge, and the Philadelphia skyline.”[99]

Superfund sites

[edit]

Identified by the EPA in 1980, the Welsbach/General Gas Mantle site contained soil and building materials contaminated with radioactive materials. Radiation became prominent when the companies used thorium, a radioactive element withdrawn from monazite ore, in the production of their gas mantles. In the late 19th century and early 20th century, Welsbach Company was located in Gloucester City, which borders Camden, and was a major producer of gas mantles until gas lights were replaced by electric lights. The fabric of the Welsbach gas mantle was put into a solution that consisted of 99% thorium nitrate and 1% cerium nitrate in distilled water, causing it to emit a white light.[46] Operating from 1915 to 1940 in Camden, General Gas Mantle, or GGM, was a manufacturer of gas mantles and served as a competitor for Welsbach. Unlike Welsbach, General Gas Mantle used only a refined, commercial thorium solution to produce its gas mantles. Welsbach and General Gas Mantle went out of business in the 1940s and had no successors.[40]

In 1981, the EPA began investigating the area where the companies once operated for radioactive materials.[46][40] Five areas were identified as having abnormally high levels of gamma radiation, including the locations of both companies and three primarily residential areas. In 1993, a sixth area was identified.[46] Radioactive materials were identified at 100 properties located near the companies' former facilities in Camden and Gloucester City, as well as the company locations themselves. In 1996, due to the levels of contamination in the areas, the Welsbach and General Gas Mantle site was added to the National Priorities List, which consists of areas in the United States that are or could become contaminated with dangerous substances.[46][100] The EPA demolished the General Gas Mantle building in late 2000 and only one building remains at the former Welsbach site.[46][40] Since it was declared a Superfund site, the EPA has removed over 350,000 tons of contaminated materials from the Welsbach/General Gas Mantle site.[40]

In August 2021, the EPA proposed an interim clean-up plan as a temporary measure to combat the prolonged contamination of the former gas mantle site. The proposal states that the EPA will rely mainly on radioactive decay and simultaneously continue to remove contaminated soil that is at the source of groundwater contamination. In order to track the effectiveness of natural radioactive decay, samples from surrounding water sources will be collected and tracked. The plan will be reevaluated by the EPA after sufficient data has been received.[101]

The Martin Aaron, Inc. site operated as a steel drum recycling facility for thirty years, from 1968 to 1998, though industrial companies have made use of the site since the late 19th century, contaminating soil and groundwater in the surrounding area.[102][103] The drums at the facility, containing residue of hazardous chemicals, were not correctly handled or disposed of, releasing substances such as arsenic and polychlorinated biphenyl into the groundwater and soil. Waste such as abandoned equipment and empty steel drums was removed from the site by the EPA and NJDEP, the latter of which initially tested the site for contamination in 1987. Like the Welsbach/General Gas Mantle site, the Martin Aaron, Inc. site was placed on the National Priorities list in 1999.[102]

In 2005, remedial action concerning the Martin Aaron, Inc. site was decided upon by the EPA. The remedy consisted of removing contaminated soil and transporting it to a disposal facility off-site. The responsible parties capped the remaining contaminated soil and placed restrictions on use of the site until clean-up began in 2016. In 2018, disposal of the soil was completed and the site was capped in 2019.[104]

Illegal dumping

Since approximately early 2019, a massive dirt heap in the Bergen Square neighborhood has grown to be multiple stories high. The pile is found to be contaminated with lead, mercury, and other toxins, thereby contributing to groundwater contamination and air pollution.[105] The current property owners, Weyhill Realty Holdings, as well as the previous owners, S. Yaffa and Sons, Inc., were taken to court by the state in 2021. Community members and local government raised growing concerns over the status of this illegal dumping ground on the corner of 7th and Chestnut streets as the debris encroached on neighboring properties. After years of public outcry, clean-up efforts have begun and are set to be completed in February 2024.[106]

This issue is one of many instances of illegal dumping in Camden City. About $4 million each year is spent on cleaning up illegal dumping in the city alone. In March 2022, a federally funded $500,000 project was announced by Congressman Donald Norcross, which consists of implementing a city-wide camera network to monitor and regulate illegal dumping areas and properly prosecute offenders.[107]

Environmental justice

[edit]

Residents of Camden have expressed discontent with the implementation of pollution-causing facilities in their city. Father Michael Doyle, a pastor at Waterfront South's Sacred Heart Church, blamed the city's growing pollution and sewage problem as the reason why residents were leaving Camden for the surrounding suburbs.[46] Local groups protested through petitions, referendums, and other methods, such as Citizens Against Trash to Steam (CATS), established by Linda McHugh and Suzanne Marks. In 1999, the St. Lawrence Cement Company reached an agreement with the South Jersey Port Corporation and leased land to establish a plant in the Waterfront South neighborhood of Camden, motivated to operate on state land by a reduction in local taxes.[46]

St. Lawrence received a backlash from both the residents of Camden and Camden's legal system, including a lawsuit that accused the DEP and St. Lawrence of violating the Civil Rights Act of 1964, due to the overwhelming majority of minorities living in waterfront South and the already poor environmental situation in the neighborhood. The cement grinding facility, open year-round, processed approximately 850,000 tons of slag, a substance often used in the manufacturing of cement, and emitted harmful pollutants, such as dust particles, carbon monoxide, radioactive materials, and lead among others.[46] Also, due to the diesel-fueled trucks being used to transport the slag, a total of 77,000 trips, an additional 100 tons of pollutants were produced annually. Despite backlash and legal proceedings, the cement facility remains in regular operation with no signs of shut-down.[47]

South Camden Citizens in Action v. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection

[edit]

In 2001, the SCCA filed a civil rights lawsuit against the NJDEP and the St. Lawrence Cement Company. Unlike other environmental justice cases, the lawsuit itself did not include specific accusations in regard to the environment, instead focusing on racial discrimination.[47] The SCCA accused the NJDEP of discrimination after they issued air quality permits to St. Lawrence, which would have allowed the company to run a facility that violated Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.[108] Title VI's role is to prevent agencies that receive federal funding from discriminating on the basis of race or nationality.[109] Waterfront South, where the cement manufacturing company would operate, was a predominantly minority neighborhood that was already home to over 20% of Camden's dangerously contaminated sites.[110]

In April 2001, the court, led by Judge Stephen Orlofsky, ruled in favor of the SCCA, stating that the NJDEP was in violation of Title VI, as they had not completed a full analysis of the area to judge how the environmental impact from the cement facility would affect the residents of Camden.[47][111] This decision was challenged five days later with the ruling of US Supreme Court case Alexander v. Sandoval, which stated that only the federal agency in question could enforce rules and regulations, not citizens themselves. Orlofsky held his initial decision on the case and enacted another ruling that would allow citizens to make use of Section 1983, a civil rights statute which gave support to those whose rights had been infringed upon by the state,[112][113] in regard to Title VI.[47]

The NJDEP and St. Lawrence went on to appeal both of Orlofsky's rulings and the Third Circuit Court of Appeals subsequently reversed Orlofsky's second decision. The appeals court ruled that Section 1983 could not be used to enforce a ruling regarding Title VI and that private action could not be taken by the citizens. The final ruling in the case was that, while the NJDEP and St. Lawrence did violate Title VI, the decision could not be enforced through Section 1983.[47][111] The lawsuit delayed the opening of the St. Lawrence cement facility by two months, costing the company millions of dollars. In the years following the court case, members of the SCCA were able to raise awareness concerning environmental justice at higher levels than before; they were portrayed in a positive light by news coverage in major platforms such as The New York Times, Business Week, The National Law Journal, and The Philadelphia Inquirer, and garnered support from long-time civil rights activists and the NAACP. The SCCA has engaged in several national events since the conclusion of South Camden, such as a press conference at the U.S. Senate, the Second National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit, and the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights environmental justice hearings, all of which dealt with the advocacy of environmental justice.[47]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18403,371—
18509,479181.2%
186014,35851.5%
187020,04539.6%
188041,659107.8%
189058,31340.0%
190075,93530.2%
191094,53824.5%
1920116,30923.0%
1930118,7002.1%
1940117,536−1.0%
1950124,5556.0%
1960117,159−5.9%
1970102,551−12.5%
198084,910−17.2%
199087,4923.0%
200079,904−8.7%
201077,344−3.2%
202071,791−7.2%
2023 (est.)71,100[10][12][13]−1.0%
Population sources: 1840–2000[114][115]
1840–1920[116] 1840[117] 1850–1870[118]
1850[119] 1870[120] 1880–1890[121]
1890–1910[122] 1840–1930[123]
1940–2000[124] 2000[125][126][127]
2010[128][129][130] 2020[10][11]

2020 census

[edit]
Camden, New Jersey – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 1990[131] Pop 2000[132] Pop 2010[133] Pop 2020[134] % 1990 % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 12,582 5,671 3,792 2,922 14.38% 7.10% 4.90% 4.07%
Black or African American alone (NH) 46,151 39,753 34,277 27,800 52.75% 49.75% 44.32% 38.72%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 265 188 235 126 0.30% 0.24% 0.30% 0.18%
Asian alone (NH) 1,008 1,869 1,599 1,229 1.15% 2.34% 2.07% 1.71%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) N/A 20 15 11 N/A 0.03% 0.02% 0.02%
Other race alone (NH) 213 129 109 315 0.24% 0.16% 0.14% 0.44%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) N/A 1,255 938 1,476 N/A 1.57% 1.21% 2.06%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 27,273 31,019 36,379 37,912 31.17% 38.82% 47.04% 52.81%
Total 87,492 79,904 77,344 71,791 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

At the 2020 United States census, Camden was the 14th-most populous municipality in the state,[135] with a population of 71,791,[10][11] a decrease of 5,553 (−7.2%) from the 2010 census count of 77,344, when it was the 12th-largest in the state by population, falling behind both Brick Township and nearby Cherry Hill,[128][130] which in turn reflected a decline of 1,984 (-2.5%) from the 79,318 counted in the 2000 census.[127][136] The Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 71,100 for 2023, making it the 532nd-most populous municipality in the nation.[12]

2010 census

[edit]
Demographic profile 1950[137] 1970[137] 1990[137] 2010[128]
White 85.9% 59.8% 19.0% 17.6%
 —Non-Hispanic N/A 52.9% 14.4% 4.9%
Black or African American 14.0% 39.1% 56.4% 48.1%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) N/A 7.6% 31.2% 47.0%
Asian — 0.2% 1.3% 2.1%

The 2010 United States census counted 77,344 people, 24,475 households, and 16,912 families in the city. The population density was 8,669.6 per square mile (3,347.4/km2). There were 28,358 housing units at an average density of 3,178.7 per square mile (1,227.3/km2). The racial makeup was 17.59% (13,602) White, 48.07% (37,180) Black or African American, 0.76% (588) Native American, 2.12% (1,637) Asian, 0.06% (48) Pacific Islander, 27.57% (21,323) from other races, and 3.83% (2,966) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 47.04% (36,379) of the population.[128] The Hispanic population of 36,379 was the tenth-highest of any municipality in New Jersey and the proportion of 47.0% was the state's 16th-highest percentage.[138][139] The Puerto Rican population was 30.7%.[128]

Of the 24,475 households, 37.9% had children under the age of 18; 22.3% were married couples living together; 37.9% had a female householder with no husband present and 30.9% were non-families. Of all households, 24.8% were made up of individuals and 7.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.02 and the average family size was 3.56.[128]

31.0% of the population were under the age of 18, 13.1% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 7.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28.5 years. For every 100 females, the population had 94.7 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 91.0 males.[128]

The city of Camden was 47% Hispanic of any race, 44% non-Hispanic black, 6% non-Hispanic white, and 3% other. Camden is predominately populated by African Americans and Puerto Ricans.[128]

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $27,027 (with a margin of error of +/− $912) and the median family income was $29,118 (+/− $1,296). Males had a median income of $27,987 (+/− $1,840) versus $26,624 (+/− $1,155) for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,807 (+/− $429). About 33.5% of families and 36.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 50.3% of those under age 18 and 26.2% of those age 65 or over.[140]

As of 2006, 52% of the city's residents lived in poverty, one of the highest rates in the nation.[141] The city had a median household income of $18,007, the lowest of all U.S. communities with populations of more than 65,000 residents.[142] A group of poor Camden residents were the subject of a 20/20 special on poverty in America broadcast on January 26, 2007, in which Diane Sawyer profiled the lives of three young children growing up in Camden.[143] A follow-up was shown on November 9, 2007.[144]

In 2011, Camden's unemployment rate was 19.6%, compared with 10.6% in Camden County as a whole.[145] As of 2009, the unemployment rate in Camden was 19.2%, compared to the 10% overall unemployment rate for Burlington, Camden and Gloucester counties and a rate of 8.4% in Philadelphia and the four surrounding counties in Southeastern Pennsylvania.[146]

Religion

[edit]
Newton Monthly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends

Camden has religious institutions including many churches and their associated non-profit organizations and community centers such as the Little Rock Baptist Church in the Parkside section of Camden, First Nazarene Baptist Church, Kaighn Avenue Baptist Church, and the Parkside United Methodist Church. Other congregations that are active now are Newton Monthly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends, on Haddon Avenue and Cooper Street and the Masjid at 1231 Mechanic St, Camden, NJ 08104.

The first Scientology church was incorporated in December 1953 in Camden by L. Ron Hubbard, his wife Mary Sue Hubbard, and John Galusha.[147][148]

Sacred Heart Catholic Church on Broadway and Ferry Ave in Camden

Father Michael Doyle, the pastor of Sacred Heart Catholic Church located in South Camden, has played a large role in Camden's spiritual and social history. In 1971, Doyle was part of the Camden 28, a group of anti-Vietnam War activists who planned to raid a draft board office in the city. This is noted by many as the start of Doyle's activities as a radical 'Catholic Left'. Following these activities, Monsignor Doyle went on to become the pastor of Sacred Heart Church, remaining known for his poetry and activism.[149] Monsignor Doyle and the Sacred Heart Church's main mission is to form a connection between the primarily white suburban surrounding areas and the inner-city of Camden.[150]

In 1982, Father Mark Aita of Holy Name of Camden founded the St. Luke's Catholic Medical Services. Aita, a medical doctor and a member of the Society of Jesus, created the first medical system in Camden that did not use rotating primary care physicians. Since its conception, St. Luke's has grown to include Patient Education Classes as well as home medical services, aiding over seven thousand Camden residents.[151][152]

Culture

[edit]
A community sign near Camden's Cooper Grant neighborhood showcasing the cities unofficial tagline "A City Invincible"
"A City Invincible" sign, the city's official tagline, near Camden's Cooper Grant neighborhood
The Battleship USS New Jersey on the Camden waterfront in 2010

Camden's role as an industrial city gave rise to distinct neighborhoods and cultural groups that have affected the growth and decline of the city over the course of the 20th century. Camden is also home to historic landmarks detailing its rich history in literature, music, social work, and industry such as the Walt Whitman House,[73] the Walt Whitman Cultural Arts Center, the Rutgers–Camden Center for the Arts and the Camden Children's Garden.

Camden's cultural history has been greatly affected by both its economic and social position over the years. From 1950 to 1970, industry plummeted, resulting in close to 20,000 jobs being lost for Camden residents.[153] This mass unemployment as well as social pressure from neighboring townships caused an exodus of citizens, mostly white. This gap was filled by new African American and Latino citizens and led to a restructuring of Camden's communities. The number of White citizens who left to neighboring towns such as Collingswood or Cherry Hill left both new and old African American and Latino citizens to re-shape their community. To help in this process, numerous not-for-profit organizations such as Hopeworks or the Neighborhood Center were formed to facilitate Camden's movement into the 21st century.[46]

Due to its location as county seat, as well as its proximity to Philadelphia, Camden has had strong connections with its neighboring city.

On July 17, 1951, the Delaware River Port Authority, a bi-state agency, was created to promote trade and better coordinate transportation between the two cities.[154]

In June 2014, the Philadelphia 76ers announced that they would relocate their home offices and construct a 120,000-square-foot (11,000 m2) practice facility on the Camden Waterfront, adding 250 permanent jobs in the city creating what CEO Scott O'Neil described as "biggest and best training facility in the country" using $82 million in tax incentives offered by the New Jersey Economic Development Authority.[155]

The Battleship New Jersey, a museum ship located on the Delaware Waterfront, was a contested topic for the two cities. Philadelphia's DRPA funded millions of dollars into the museum ship project as well as the rest of the Waterfront, but the ship was originally donated to a Camden-based agency called the Home Port Alliance, who argued that New Jersey was necessary for Camden's economic growth.[156][157]

Black culture

[edit]

In 1967, Charles 'Poppy' Sharp founded the Black Believers of Knowledge, an organization founded on the betterment of African American citizens in South Camden. He would soon rename his organization to the Black People's Unity Movement (BPUM). The BPUM was one of the first major cultural organizations to arise after the deindustrialization of Camden's industrial life. Going against the building turmoil in the city, Sharp founded BPUM on "the belief that all the people in our community should contribute to positive change."[46]

In 2001, Camden residents and entrepreneurs founded the South Jersey Caribbean Cultural and Development Organization (SJCCDO) as a non-profit organization aimed at promoting understanding and awareness of Caribbean Culture in South Jersey and Camden. The most prominent of the events that the SJCCDO organizes is the South Jersey Caribbean Festival, an event that is held for both cultural and economical reasons. The festival's primary focus is cultural awareness of all of Camden's residents. The festival also showcases free art and music as well as financial information and free promotion for Camden artists.[158]

In 1986, Tawanda 'Wawa' Jones began the Camden Sophisticated Sisters, a youth drill team. CSS serves as a self-proclaimed 'positive outlet' for the Camden' students, offering both dance lessons as well as community service hours and social work opportunities. Since its conception CSS has grown to include two other organizations, all ran through Jones: Camden Distinguished Brothers and The Almighty Percussion Sound drum line.[159] In 2013, CSS was featured on ABC's Dancing with the Stars.[160]

Corinne's Place is a Black-owned soul food restaurant located in Camden, New Jersey. Corinne Bradley-Powers opened the restaurant on Haddon Avenue in 1989.[161] In February 2022, The James Beard Foundation awarded Corinne's Place with the America's Classic award. The James Beard America's Classics Award is awarded to "locally owned restaurants that have timeless appeal and beloved regionally for quality food that reflects the character of its community." Corinne's Place is one of six soul food restaurants that have been awarded the America's Classic Award to date.[162]

Hispanic and Latino culture

[edit]

Puerto Rican Unity for Progress is a multi service, community based organization that is located in Camden and serves the Hispanic community who reside in the city. The organization was established in 1976 and opened its physical location at 437 Broadway Street in Camden in June 1978. The organization's mission states that "the agency offers assistance to Camden residents in the areas of housing, tenant-related matters, family planning, job placement, and educational counseling."[163] In September 1977, Rutgers-Camden demoted the only Puerto Rican faculty member, Professor Ivette Puerta, who was the founder of the Graduate Program of Social Work. This demotion was protested by the Puerto Rican Unity for Progress.[164] In 2012, Puerto Rican Unity for Progress acquired a grant from the New Jersey Department of Environmental protections to install a rain garden on their property. This garden treats and intercepts stormwater that otherwise would affect water quality in Camden.[165]

On December 31, 1987, the Latin American Economic Development Association (LAEDA). LAEDA is a non-profit economic development organization that helps with the creation of small business for minorities in Camden. LAEDA was founded under in an attempt to revitalize Camden's economy and provide job experience for its residents. LAEDA operates on a two major methods of rebuilding, The Entrepreneurial Development Training Program (EDTP) and the Neighborhood Commercial Expansion Initiative (NCEI). In 1990, LAEDA began a program called The Entrepreneurial Development Training Program (EDTP) which would offer residents employment and job opportunities through ownership of small businesses. The program over time created 506 businesses and 1,169 jobs. As of 2016, half of these businesses are still in operation. Neighborhood Commercial Expansion Initiative (NCEI) then finds locations for these business to operate in, purchasing and refurbishing abandoned real estate. As of 2016 four buildings have been refurbished including the First Camden National Bank & Trust Company Building.[166]

One of the longest-standing traditions in Camden's Hispanic community is the San Juan Bautista Parade, a celebration of St. John the Baptist, conducted annually starting in 1957. The parade began in 1957 when a group of parishioners from Our Lady of Mount Carmel marched with the church founder Father Leonardo Carrieri. This march was originally a way for the parishioners to recognize and show their Puerto Rican Heritage, and eventually became the modern-day San Juan Bautista Parade. Since its conception, the parade has grown into the Parada San Juan Bautista, Inc, a non-for-profit organization dedicated to maintaining the community presence of Camden's Hispanic and Latino members. Some of the work that the Parada San Juan Bautista, Inc has done include a month long event for the parade with a community commemorative mass and a coronation pageant. The organization also awards up to $360,000 in scholarships to high school students of Puerto Rican descent.[167]

Politically, the same instance occurred for Hispanics and Latinos. In 1995, the Concerned Leaders of Camden City and Camden County was formed by its executive director Roy Jones when learning that no blacks or Latinos were seen in Camden Hall. In his words, he wanted to bring representation in a white-centered government. He even envisioned more jobs for blacks and one head as Hispanic.[168] However, despite this, the council did not follow through with his demands until years later. Religion-wise, Sister Linda Stilling took a visit there for herself. She views it as a place of communion and enjoys her time there. Stilling even mentions the Holy Name Church in North Camden assists by any means of service they can. She calls the town her Camelot and looks forward to going there again. Two censuses made a growth with their data: one in 2010 calculated 47% Hispanic citizens in the city and 15% in the county[169] and another in 2021 with 22.4 thousand (1.72k) with a calculation of 31%, making them the second largest.[99] It is still growing by the day and will continue by 2050.[170] Some restaurants such as Old San Juan Restaurant and Freddy's Restaurant pay homage to the culture by having decorations and cooking traditional foods.

On May 30, 2000, Camden resident and grassroots organizer Lillian Santiago began a movement to rebuild abandoned lots in her North Camden neighborhood into playgrounds. The movement was met with resistance from the Camden government, citing monetary problems. As Santiago's movement gained more notability in her neighborhoods she was able to move other community members into action, including Reverend Heywood Wiggins. Wiggins was the president of the Camden Churches Organized for People, a coalition of 29 churches devoted to the improvement of Camden's communities, and with his support Santiago's movement succeeded. Santiago and Wiggins were also firm believers in Community Policing, which would result in their fight against Camden's corrupt police department and the eventual turnover to the State government.[citation needed]

Arts and entertainment

[edit]

Camden has two generally recognized neighborhoods located on the Delaware River waterfront, Central and South. The Waterfront South was founded in 1851 by the Kaighns Point Land Company. During World War II, Waterfront South housed many of the industrial workers for the New York Shipbuilding Company. Currently, the Waterfront is home to many historical buildings and cultural icons. The Waterfront South neighborhood is a federal and state historic district due to its history and culturally significant buildings, such as the Sacred Heart Church and the South Camden Trust Company[171] The Central Waterfront is located adjacent to the Benjamin Franklin Bridge and is home to the Nipper Building (also known as The Victor), the Adventure Aquarium, and Battleship New Jersey.

Starting on February 16, 2012, Camden's Waterfront began an art crawl and volunteer initiative called Third Thursday in an effort to support local Camden business and restaurants.[172] Part of Camden's art crawl movement exists in Studio Eleven One, a fully restored 1906 firehouse opened in 2011 that operated as an art gallery owned by William and Ronja Butlers. William Butler and Studio Eleven One are a part of his wife's company Thomas Lift LLC, self-described as a "socially conscious company" that works to connect Camden's art scene with philanthropic organizations.[173]

Starting in 2014, Camden began Connect The Lots, a community program designed to revitalize unused areas for community engagement. Connect the Lots was founded through The Kresge Foundation, and the project "seeks to create temporary, high-quality, safe outdoor spaces that are consistently programmed with local cultural and recreational activities".[citation needed] Other partnerships with the Connect the Lots foundation include the Cooper's Ferry Partnership, a private non-profit corporation dedicated to urban renewal. Connect the Lots' main work are their 'Pop up Parks' that they create around Camden. In 2014, Connect The Lots created a pop up skate park for Camden youth with assistance from Camden residents as well as students.[citation needed] As of 2016, the Connect the Lots program free programs have expanded to include outdoor yoga and free concerts.[47]

People have made various pieces throughout the town to represent themselves and their heritage. The City Invincible mural, now named Camden Invincible, was made and installed at the intersection of 16th Street and Admiral Wilson Boulevard in 2017.[174] It was inspired by Walt Whitman who created the poem “I’d Dream in a Dream” in 1867. The mural was painted by five local artists: Terina Nicole Hill, Priscilla Rios, Breiner Garcia, Donald T. Williams, and Erik James Montgomery with help from the Camden Community Partnership. They even showed remorse rather than anger when it got vandalized, but thankfully the Invincible mural was cleaned up to its original state. Another mural was recently made by a group of artists called We Live Here Artists Collective of Camden. It was installed on the Bush Refrigeration building on Admiral Wilson Boulevard at 17th Street, next to the City Invincible mural. This was done to commemorate the accomplishments of those who lived in Camden such as Reverend Robert "Father Bob" McDermott, running back Mike Rozier, and activist Rosa Ramirez in addition to the town's scenery.[175]

In October 2014, Camden finished construction of the Kroc Center, a Salvation Army funded community center located in the Cramer Hill neighborhood at an 85-acre former landfill which closed in 1971. The Kroc Center's mission is to provide both social services to the people of Camden as well as community engagement opportunities. The center was funded by a $59 million donation from Joan Kroc, and from the Salvation Army. Camden Mayor Dana Redd on the opening of the center called it "the crown jewel of the city."[176] The Kroc Center offers an 8-lane, 25-yard competition pool, a children's water park, various athletic and entertainment options, as well as an in center chapel.

The Camden Waterfront is known for hosting numerous concerts, festivals, and other events. Additionally, it is also home to the Adventure Aquarium and many shipyards.

Other businesses include the Camden County Historical Society, which has documented every event in town, and the Heart of Camden, known as the city's landmark that has hosted many festivities. They even helped provide townspeople a place for them to spend their time with their friends and families.

In September 2020, the IDEA Center for the Arts in downtown Camden was completed. The building provides a space for arts and entertainment, specifically for youth in the community. The center supports artists, painters, dancers, musicians, filmmakers, actors, poets, and more. The Michaels Organization renovated what was previously a storefront at no cost. Subaru of America donated facilities and funding. The center is equipped with recording equipment, computers, a stage, and other amenities. The center regularly hosts events with community members. Numerous people involved on the project and community members praised the opening, with Mayor Frank Moran stating "Camden is finally giving Philly something to look at".[177]

The demolished site of Campbell's Field as seen in 2018.[178] Now it is currently the home of Rutgers-Camden's athletic complex built in 2021.[179]

The Camden Waterfront, which is currently home to the Adventure Aquarium and Rutgers University-Camden's new athletic complex installed in 2022 to replace the former Campbell's Field.,[180] has been designated for concerts that have taken place for bands and musicians to perform, such as Aimee Mann, Sheila E., Hootie and the Blowfish, and many more.[181] The Symphony in C orchestra is based at Rutgers University-Camden. Established as the Haddonfield Symphony in 1952, the organization was renamed and relocated to Camden in 2006.[182]

Additionally, many other festivals have been created for everyone to learn about them. The annual South Jersey Caribbean Festival, founded by Nkem Tshombe, which celebrates Caribbean culture, traditions, and heritage.[183] Another is the Camden County Cultural and Heritage Commission Host Grant Award Breakfast, which brings together 20 cultural organizations for the community.[184] Both of these events have benefited the town financially and socially.

Philanthropy

[edit]
Cathedral Kitchen in Camden

Camden has a variety of non-profit Tax-Exempt Organizations aimed to assist city residents with a wide range of health and social services free or reduced charge to residents. Camden City, having one of the highest rates of poverty in New Jersey, fueled residents and local organizations to come together and develop organizations aimed to provide relief to its citizens. As of the 2000 Census, Camden's income per capita was $9,815. This ranking made Camden the poorest city in the state of New Jersey, as well as one of the poorest cities in the United States.[185] Camden also has one of the highest rates of childhood poverty in the nation.[185]

Camden Churches Organized for People (CCOP) began in 1995, and is an arrangement between various congregations of Camden to partner together against problems in the community.[186] CCOP is affiliated with Pacific Institute for Community Organization (PICO). CCOP is a non-religious, non-profit organization which stresses the importance of social change instead of social services when addressing the causes of residents and their families' problems.[185]

Camden Dream Center is a faith-based educational organization that focuses on teaching students in Camden about STEM and the skills required to work within the IT and IoT careers.[187] Their current community education programs include "Camden Dream CDF Freedom School," "Innovative Literacy Lab," "Girls in Camden Code," and "STEM Enrichment Program."[188] In addition to these educational programs they also run a week-day food pantry, help getting health and childcare, and help with social justice and legal aid.[189]

Camden Habitat for Humanity, Metropolitan is a housing specific organization that helps low income families buy homes on affordable terms.[190] This program - which started in 1986 - has helped 55 local families purchase homes. They have also given over 1 million dollars to Camden's tax base, and provided job training for over 500 volunteers through the Community Works Experience Program.[190]

Camden Lutheran Housing, Inc. (CLHI) was founded in 1986 and has been serving North Camden since then. Most of the staff hired at this organization are from Camden, ensuring that their work for community improvement stays within the community by creating jobs.[191] Through the 1990s CLHI helped rehabilitate homes along the 400 block of State Street, helping to preserve historical architecture within Camden City.[191] Their organization also helped develop two rental communities on previously industrial land between 1997 and 2005.[191] Part of their work to increase the beauty of Camden, in addition to their work on housing issues, includes projects such as Block Supporter Initiative, Decorative Board Up, Change the Message, and North Camden Community Gardens.[191]

Cathedral Soup Kitchen, Inc. is a charity in Camden, NJ that was founded in 1976 and as of 2021 serves over 100,000 meals annually.[192] This organization serves the community by also offering supportive services which helps community members with counseling, obtaining an identification card, and creates jobs in the area to help encourage financial independence. Furthermore, they run a program called "Culinary and Baking Arts Employment Training Course" that runs for 15 weeks three times a year and helps those who graduate from their program find job placement using their new skills.[192]

Catholic Charities of Camden, Inc. is a faith-based organization that advocates and uplifts the lives of the poor and unemployed.[193] They provide services in six New Jersey counties and serve over 28,000 people each year. The extent of the services offered exceed those of any of Camden's other Non- Profit Organizations. Catholic Charities Refugee[194]

Center for Family Services Inc[195] offers a number of services and programs that total 76 free programs. This organization has operated in South Jersey for over 90 years and is one of the leading non-profits in the city. Founded in 1920, this organization has celebrated its centennial birthday here in Camden.[196] With over 1,600 volunteers and employees, this program offers services in areas like Addiction and Recovery, Counseling and Behavioral Health, Housing, Victim Response, Child Development and Learning, and Workforce Development. Their mission statement reads, "The mission of Center For Family Services is to support and empower individuals, families, and communities to achieve a better life through vision, hope, and strength. The vision of Center For Family Services is for all people to lead capable, responsible, fulfilled lives in strong families and healthy communities."[196]

Cooper Grant Neighborhood Association is located in the historic Cooper Grant neighborhood that once housed William Cooper, an English Quaker with long ties to Camden.[197] His son Richard Cooper[citation needed] along with his four children are responsible for contributing to the creation of the Cooper Health System.[198] It offers community service to the citizens living in the historic area that include activism, improving community health and involvement, safety and security, housing development, affordable childcare services, and connecting neighborhoods and communities together. The Cooper Grant Neighborhood Association owns the Cooper Grant Community Garden.[199] Project H.O.P.E organization offers healthcare to the homeless, preventive health Care, substance abuse programs, social work services, behavioral health care.[200]

Creative Money Works, Inc is a 501c3 charity that was founded in 2007 in Camden, NJ[201] that helps with getting food to the children of low-income families through their “Feed Our Children NOW!” program. They also support children with education in financial literacy. In 2015 they attempted to break a world record with Guinness Book of World Records which resulted in 40,000 lbs of food which they redistributed between 20 Camden charities.[201]

Heart of Camden Organization (The) offers home renovation and restoration services and home ownership programs. Heart of Camden receives donations from online shoppers through Amazon Smile.[202] Heart of Camden Organization is partners with District Council Collaborative Board (DCCB).[203] Heart of Camden Organization's accomplishments include the economic development of various entities such as the Waterfront South Theatre, Neighborhood Greenhouse, and a community center with a gymnasium. Another accomplishment of Heart of Camden Organization is its revitalization of Camden, which includes Liney's Park Community Gardens and Peace Park.[204]

Neighborhood Center (The) is one of Camden's most prominent and longest-running organizations with a span of 103 years of service, and is located in the Morgan Village section of Camden.[205] The Neighborhood Center was founded in 1913 by Eldridge Johnson, George Fox Sr., Mary Baird, and local families in the community geared to provide a safe environment for the city's children.[206] The Neighborhood Center was created to assist the numerous families living in Camden in poverty. The Neighborhood Center also has an Urban Community Garden as of the year 2015. Many of the services and activities offered for the children are after school programs, and programs for teenagers are also available.[207]

Ronald McDonald House of South New Jersey is located in Camden off of Mickle street.[208] This charity helps families with medically vulnerable children find housing and treatment. The first house location in New Jersey opened its doors in 1983 with a total of 10 bedrooms available right near Cooper University Healthcare. In 1998, they moved to a location that has 25 bedroom suites and multiple amenities for the families they serve over a total of 40,000 square feet.[208]

VolunteersofAmerica.org[209] helps families facing poverty and is a community based organization geared toward helping families live self-sufficient, healthy lives. With a 120 years of service the Volunteers of America has dedicated their services to all Americans in need of help. Home for the Brave[210] is a housing program aimed to assist homeless veterans. This program is a 30-bed housing program that coincides with the Homeless Veterans Reintegration program which is funded through the Department of Labor. Additional services include; Emergency Support, Community Support, Employment Services, Housing Services, Veterans Services, Behavioral Services, Senior Housing.

A local business called Camden Fashion Week was created in 2019 and has held events every year since. It was made to let children with disabilities create clothing using their imagination. Tawanda Jones, who organized the business, says she envisioned doing something that lets kids be who they desire to be.[211] Despite having no sponsors, the company runs successfully and has shows once a year. Other businesses include the Camden County Historical Society, which has documented every event in town. It was built in 1899 as a place for those who find anything that links to one's heritage and for other educational purposes.[212] The Heart of Camden, known as the city's landmark, has hosted many festivities. They even helped provide townspeople a place to spend time with their friends and families.

Economy

[edit]
Campbell Soup Company's headquarters in Camden

About 45% of employment in Camden is in the "eds and meds" sector, providing educational and medical institutions.[38]

Largest employers

[edit]

Urban enterprise zone

[edit]

Portions of Camden are part of a joint Urban Enterprise Zone. The city was selected in 1983 as one of the initial group of 10 zones chosen to participate in the program.[213] In addition to other benefits to encourage employment within the Zone, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3.3125% sales tax rate (half of the 6.625% rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants.[214] Established in September 1988, the city's Urban Enterprise Zone status expires in December 2023.[215]

The UEZ program in Camden and four other original UEZ cities had been allowed to lapse as of January 1, 2017, after Governor Chris Christie, who called the program an "abject failure", vetoed a compromise bill that would have extended the status for two years.[216] In May 2018, Governor Phil Murphy signed a law that reinstated the program in these five cities and extended the expiration date in other zones.[217]

Redevelopment

[edit]
See also: List of tallest buildings in Camden
An image of Camden Towers, American Water Headquarters and 11 Cooper St Apartments
Camden Towers (left), American Water Headquarters (center), and 11 Cooper St Apartments (right) in Camden
The former Camden Downtown Branch of the Camden County Library

The state of New Jersey has awarded more than $1.65 billion in tax credits to more than 20 businesses through the New Jersey Economic Opportunity Act. Corporate beneficiaries of the tax credits include Subaru, Lockheed Martin, American Water, Holtec. and others.[218]

Campbell Soup Company decided to go forward with a scaled-down redevelopment of the area around its corporate headquarters in Camden, including an expanded corporate headquarters.[219] In June 2012, Campbell Soup Company acquired the 4-acre (1.6 ha) site of the vacant Sears building located near its corporate offices, where the company plans to construct the Gateway Office Park, and razed the Sears building after receiving approval from the city government and the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection.[220]

In 2013, Cherokee Investment Partners had a plan to redevelop north Camden with 5,000 new homes and a shopping center on 450 acres (1.8 km2). Cherokee dropped their plans in the face of local opposition and the slumping real estate market.[221][222][223] They are among several companies receiving New Jersey Economic Development Authority (EDA) tax incentives to relocate jobs in the city.[58][224][225]

Lockheed Martin was awarded $107 million in tax breaks, from the Economic Redevelopment Agency, to move to Camden. Lockheed rents 50,000 square feet (4,600 m2) of the L-3 communications building in Camden. Lockheed Martin invested $146.4 million into their Camden Project According to the Economic Redevelopment Agency. Lockheed stated that without these tax breaks they would have had to eliminate jobs.[226]

In 2013, Camden received $59 million from the Kroc estate to be used in the construction of a new community center and another $10 million was raised by the Salvation Army to cover the remaining construction costs. The Ray and John Kroc Corps Community Center, opened in 2014, is a 120,000 square foot community center with an 8,000 square foot water park and a 60 ft ceiling. The community center also contains a food pantry, a computer lab, a black box theater, a chapel, two pools, a gym, an outdoor track and field, a library with reading rooms, and both indoor and outdoor basketball courts.[227]

In 2015 Holtec was given $260 million over the course of 10-year to open up a 600,000-square-foot campus in Camden. Holtec stated that they plan to hire at least 1000 employees within the first year of them opening their doors in Camden. According to the Economic Development Agency, Holtec is slated to bring in $155,520 in net benefit to the state by moving to Camden, but in this deal, Holtec has no obligation to stay in Camden after its 10-year tax credits run out.[228] Holtec's reports stated that the construction of the building would cost $260 million which would be equivalent to the tax benefits they received.[229]

In fall 2017 Rutgers University–Camden Campus opened up their Nursing and Science Building. Rutgers spent $62.5 million[230] to build their 107,000-square-foot building located at 5th and Federal St. This building houses their physics, chemistry, biology and nursing classes along with nursing simulation labs.[231]

In November 2017, Francisco "Frank" Moran was elected as the 48th Mayor of Camden. Prior to this, one of Moran's roles was as the director of Camden County Parks Department where he was in charge of overseeing several park projects expanding the Camden County Park System, including the Cooper River Park, as well as bringing back public ice skating rinks to the parks in Camden County.[232]

American Water was awarded $164.2 million in tax credits from the New Jersey's Grow New Jersey Assistance Program to build a five-story 220,000-square-foot building at Camden's waterfront. American Water opened this building in December 2018 becoming the first in a long line of new waterfront attractions planned to come to Camden.[233]

The NJ American Water Neighborhood Revitalization Tax Credit is a $985,000 grant which was introduced in July 2018. It is part of $4.8 million that New Jersey American Water has invested in Camden. Its purpose will be to allow current residents to remain in the city by providing them with $5,000 grants to make necessary home repairs. Some of the funding will also go towards Camden SMART (Stormwater Management and Resource Training). Funding will also go towards the Cramer Hill NOW Initiative, which focuses on improving infrastructure and parks.[234]

On June 5, 2017, Cooper's Poynt Park was completed. The 5-acre park features multi-use trails, a playground, and new lighting. Visitors can see both the Delaware River and the Benjamin Franklin Bridge. Prior to 1985, the land the park resides on was open space that allowed Camden residents access to the waterfront. In 1985, the Riverfront State Prison was built, blocking that access. The land become available for the park to be built when the prison was demolished in 2009. Funding for the park was provided by Wells Fargo Regional Foundation, the William Penn Foundation, the State Department of Community Affairs, the Fund for New Jersey, and the Camden Economic Recovery Board.[235]

Cooper's Ferry Partnership is a private non-profit founded in 1984. It was originally known as Cooper's Ferry Association until it merged with the Greater Camden Partnership in 2011, becoming Cooper's Ferry Partnership. Kris Kolluri is the current CEO. In a broad sense, their goal is to identify and advance economic development in Camden. While this does include housing rehabilitation, Cooper's Ferry is involved in multiple projects. This includes the Camden Greenway, which is a set of hiking and biking trails, and the Camden SMART (Stormwater Management and Resource Training) Initiative.[236]

In January 2019, Camden received a $1 million grant from Bloomberg Philanthropies for A New View, which is a public art project seeking to change illegal dump sites into public art fixtures. A New View is part of Bloomberg Philanthropies larger Public Art Challenge. Additionally, the program will educate residents of the harmful effects of illegal dumping. The effort will include the Cooper's Ferry Partnership, the Rutgers-Camden Center for the Arts, the Camden Collaborative Initiative, and the Camden City Cultural and Heritage Commission, as well as local businesses and residents. Locations to be targeted include dumping sites within proximity of Port Authority Transit Corporation high speed-line, the RiverLine, and the Camden GreenWay. According to Mayor Francisco Moran, illegal dumping costs Camden more than $4 million each year.[237][238][239]

Housing

[edit]

Saint Joseph's Carpenters Society

[edit]

Saint Josephs Carpenter Society (SJCS) is a 501c(3) non-profit organization located in Camden. Their focus is on the rehabilitation of current residences, as well as the creation of new low income, rent-controlled housing. SJCS is attempting to tackle the problem of abandoned properties in Camden by tracking down the homeowners so they can then purchase and rehabilitate the property. Since the organization's beginning, it has overseen the rehabilitation or construction of over 500 homes in Camden.[240]

SJCS also provides some education and assistance in the home-buying process to prospective homebuyers in addition to their rehabilitation efforts. This includes a credit report analysis, information on how to establish credit, and assistance in finding other help for the homebuyers.[241]

In March 2019, SJCS received $207,500 in federal funding from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's (HUD) NeighborWorks America program. NeighborWorks America is a public non-profit created by Congress in 1978, which is tasked with supporting community development efforts at the local level.

Failed redevelopment projects

[edit]

In early 2013, ShopRite announced that they would open the first full-service grocery store in Camden in 30 years, with plans to open their doors in 2015.[242] In 2016 the company announced that they no longer planned to move to Camden leaving the plot of land on Admiral Willson Boulevard barren and the 20-acre section of the city as a food desert.[243]

In May 2018, Chinese company Ofo brought its dockless bikes to Camden, along with many other cities, for a six-month pilot in an attempt to break into the American market. After two months in July 2018 Ofo decided to remove its bikes from Camden as part of a broader pullout from most of the American cities they had entered due to a decision that it was not profitable to be in these American cities.[244]

On March 28, 2019, a former financial officer for Hewlett-Packard, Gulsen Kama, alleged that the company received a tax break based on false information. The company qualified for a $2.7 million tax break from the Grow NJ incentive of the Economic Development Authority (EDA). Kama testified that the company qualified for the tax break because of a false cost-benefit analysis she was ordered to prepare. She claims the analysis included a plan to move to Florida that was not in consideration by the company. The Grow NJ Incentive has granted $11 billion in tax breaks to preserve and create jobs in New Jersey, but it has experienced problems as well. A state comptroller sample audit ordered by Governor Phil Murphy showed that approximately 3,000 jobs companies listed with the EDA do not actually exist. Those jobs could be worth $11 million in tax credits. The audit also showed that the EDA did not collect sufficient data on companies that received tax credits.[245]

This is the front of the US District Court facing Cooper Street in Camden, NJ
This is the front of the US District Court facing Cooper Street in Camden, NJ

Government

[edit]
Federal Courthouse in Camden

Camden has historically been a stronghold of the Democratic Party.

Local government

[edit]
Further information: Mayors of Camden, New Jersey
Camden's City Hall opened in 1931.

Since July 1, 1961, the city has operated within the Faulkner Act, formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, under a Mayor-Council form of government.[6][246] The city is one of 71 municipalities (of the 564) statewide that use this form of government.[247] The governing body is comprised of the Mayor and the City Council, with all members elected in partisan voting to four-year terms of office on a staggered basis. The Mayor is directly elected by the voters. The City Council includes seven council members. Since 1994, the city has been divided into four council districts, with a single council member elected from each of the four districts and three council members being elected at-large; previously, the entire council was elected at-large. The four ward seats are up for election at the same time and the three at-large seats and the mayoral seat are up for election together two years later.[248] For three decades before 1962 and from 1996 to 2007, Camden's municipal elections were held on a non-partisan basis; since 2007, the elections have been partisan.[249]

As of 2024, the Mayor of Camden is Democrat Victor Carstarphen, whose term of office ends December 31, 2025.[2] Members of the City Council are Council President Angel Fuentes (D, 2025; at large), Vice President Sheila Davis (D, 2025; at large), Arthur Barclay (D, 2027; Ward 1), Christopher R. Collins (D, 2027; Ward 2), Falio Leyba-Martinez (D, 2027; Ward 3), Jannette Ramos (D, 2027; Ward 4) and Noemi G. Soria-Perez (D, 2025; at large).[250][251][252][253]

In May 2021, the city council appointed Victor Carstarphen to serve as mayor, filling the seat expiring in December 2021 that had been held by Frank Moran until he resigned from office the previous March.[254]

In 2018, the city had an average residential property tax bill of $1,710, the lowest in the county, compared to an average bill of $6,644 in Camden County and $8,767 statewide.[255][256]

Federal, state and county representation

[edit]

Camden is located in the 1st Congressional District[257] and is part of New Jersey's 5th state legislative district.[258][259][260]

For the 118th United States Congress, New Jersey's 1st congressional district is represented by Donald Norcross (D, Camden).[261][262] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2027)[263] and George Helmy (Mountain Lakes, term ends 2024).[264][265]

US Post Office facing Market Street in Camden, NJ
US Post Office facing Market Street in Camden, NJ

For the 2024-2025 session, the 5th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Nilsa Cruz-Perez (D, Barrington) and in the General Assembly by Bill Moen (D, Camden) and William Spearman (D, Camden).[266]

Camden County is governed by a Board of County Commissioners composed of seven members chosen at-large in partisan elections for three-year terms on a staggered basis by the residents of the county, with either two or three seats up for election each year as part of the November general election. At a reorganization meeting held in January after each election, the newly constituted Board of Commissioners selects one member to serve as Director and another as Deputy Director, each serving a one-year term in that role.[267] As of 2024, Camden County's Commissioners are: Commissioner Director Louis Cappelli Jr. (D, Collingswood, 2026),[268] Commissioner Deputy Director Edward T. McDonnell (D, Pennsauken Township, 2025),[269] Virginia Ruiz Betteridge (D, Runnemede, 2025),[270] Almar Dyer (D, Pennsauken Township, 2024),[271] Melinda Kane (D, Cherry Hill, 2024),[272] Jeffrey L. Nash (D, Winslow Township, 2024),[273] and Jonathan L. Young Sr. (D, Berlin Township, 2026).[274][267][275][276][277]

Camden County's constitutional officers are: Clerk Joseph Ripa (D, Voorhees Township, 2024),[278][279] Sheriff Gilbert "Whip" Wilson (D, Camden, 2024)[280][281] and Surrogate Michelle Gentek-Mayer (D, Gloucester Township, 2025).[282][283][284]

Political corruption

[edit]

Three Camden mayors have been jailed for corruption: Angelo Errichetti, Arnold Webster, and Milton Milan.[285]

In 1981, Errichetti was convicted with three others for accepting a $50,000 bribe from FBI undercover agents in exchange for helping a non-existent Arab sheikh enter the United States.[286] The FBI scheme was part of the Abscam operation. The 2013 film American Hustle is a fictionalized portrayal of this scheme.[287]

In 1999, Webster, who was previously the superintendent of Camden City Public Schools, pleaded guilty to illegally paying himself $20,000 in school district funds after he became mayor.[288]

In 2001, Milan was sentenced to more than six years in federal prison for accepting payoffs from associates of Philadelphia organized crime boss Ralph Natale,[289] soliciting bribes and free home renovations from city vendors, skimming money from a political action committee, and laundering drug money.[290][291]

The Courier-Post dubbed former State Senator Wayne R. Bryant, who represented the state's 5th Legislative District from 1995 to 2008, the "king of double dipping" for accepting no-show jobs in return for political benefits.[292] In 2009, Bryant was sentenced to four years in federal prison for funneling $10.5 million to the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ) in exchange for a no-show job and accepting fraudulent jobs to inflate his state pension and was assessed a fine of $25,000 and restitution to UMDNJ in excess of $110,000.[293] In 2010, Bryant was charged with an additional 22 criminal counts of bribery and fraud, for taking $192,000 in false legal fees in exchange for backing redevelopment projects in Camden, Pennsauken Township and the New Jersey Meadowlands between 2004 and 2006.[294]

Politics

[edit]
Presidential Election Results in Camden, NJ
Year Democratic Republican Third Parties
2016[295] 94.8% 19,654 4.0% 838 1.1% 235
2012[296] 96.8% 22,254 3.0% 683 0.2% 57
2008[297] 94.3% 22,197 5.1% 1,213 0.5% 119
2004[298] 86.6% 15,914 12.8% 2,368 0.5% 97
2000[299] 87.9% 14,811 8.1% 1,374 1.1% 189

As of November 6, 2018, there were 42,264 registered voters in the city of Camden.[300] As of March 23, 2011, there were 43,893 registered voters in Camden, of which 17,403 (39.6%) were registered as Democrats, 885 (2.0%) were registered as Republicans and 25,601 (58.3%) were registered as Unaffiliated.[301]

All Camden mayors since 1935 have been Democrats. The last Republican Camden mayor was Frederick von Nieda, who only sat in office for a year.[302]

In the 2016 presidential election, Democrat Hillary Clinton received overwhelming support from the city of Camden. On May 11, 2016, Clinton held a rally at Camden County College.[303] Much like prior presidential elections, Camden has heavily favored the Democratic candidate.

During his second term, Obama visited Camden in 2015 and said that "Hold you up as a symbol of promise for the nation. This city is on to something, no one is suggesting that the job is done," the president said. "It's still a work in progress."[304] In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama was seeking reelection and was challenged by current Utah senator Mitt Romney then Massachusetts governor. The city overwhelmingly voted for Obama in the biggest Democratic landslide in Camden's history.

In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 96.8% of the vote (22,254 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 3.0% (683 votes), and other candidates with 0.2% (57 votes), among the 23,230 ballots cast by the city's 47,624 registered voters (236 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 48.8%.[305][306] In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 91.1% of the vote (22,197 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain, who received around 5.0% (1,213 votes), with 24,374 ballots cast among the city's 46,654 registered voters, for a turnout of 52.2%.[307] In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 84.4% of the vote (15,914 ballots cast), outpolling Republican George W. Bush, who received around 12.6% (2,368 votes), with 18,858 ballots cast among the city's 37,765 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 49.9.[308]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 79.9% of the vote (6,680 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 18.8% (1,569 votes), and other candidates with 1.4% (116 votes), among the 9,796 ballots cast by the city's 48,241 registered voters (1,431 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 20.3%.[309][310] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 85.6% of the vote (8,700 ballots cast), ahead of both Republican Chris Christie with 5.9% (604 votes) and Independent Chris Daggett with 0.8% (81 votes), with 10,166 ballots cast among the city's 43,165 registered voters, yielding a 23.6% turnout.[311]

Transportation

[edit]

Roads and highways

[edit]
Eastbound on I-76 at I-676 in Camden
The Benjamin Franklin Bridge at sunrise, connecting Camden (right) with Philadelphia

As of May 2010, the city had a total of 181.92 miles (292.77 km) of roadways, of which 147.54 miles (237.44 km) were maintained by the municipality, 25.39 miles (40.86 km) by Camden County, 6.60 miles (10.62 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and 2.39 miles (3.85 km) by the Delaware River Port Authority.[312]

Interstate 676[313] and U.S. Route 30[314] run through Camden to the Benjamin Franklin Bridge on the north side of the city. Interstate 76 passes through briefly and interchanges with Interstate 676.[315]

Route 168 passes through briefly in the south[316] and County Routes 537,[317] 543,[318] 551[319] and 561[320] all travel through the center of the city.

Public transportation

[edit]
River Line at Walter Rand, a light rail system connecting Camden and Trenton

The Walter Rand Transportation Center opened May 17, 1989 under the name of Camden Transportation Center and was later named after a former New Jersey State senator, Walter Rand in 1994. The surface level bus transfer center located on the corner of Martin Luther King Boulevard and Broadway, includes both indoor and outdoor stations and runs between the hours of 6am and 9:30pm, seven days a week.[321] A majority of buses that stop at the center are NJ Transit buses that provide inexpensive and quick transportation to Philadelphia, Camden and Burlington Counties surrounding cities. The different routes include 313, 315, 316, 317, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 412, 413, 418, 419, 450, 451, 452, 453, 457 and 551.[citation needed] Depending on distance and route the bus fare varies from under a dollar for closer stops, up to fifty dollars for farther stations including Philadelphia and Atlantic City. Along with the NJ Transit buses, the center is also home to many Greyhound Lines, that provide transportation to neighboring cities as well as to much farther destinations all around the country. Like the NJ Transit buses, the Greyhound bus fares vary from inexpensive for closer destinations and much more expensive for the farther the destination. Along with the bus stops, the center is home to two rail road system stations, the Walter Rand River Line station and PATCO, Broadway station which provides easy access to the busses from the surrounding area.

Since its opening on March 14, 2004, NJ Transit's River Line has offered light rail service to cities along the Delaware River starting in North Camden, and terminating in Trenton. There are four total stations located in the city, the southern most station is located at Freedom Mortgage Pavilion located on the Delaware River, and goes north along the river up to Trenton.[322] The second and third most south stations in Camden stop at the Camden Adventure Aquarium and at Rutgers University. The last stop in the city, the Walter Rand Transportation Center, located on Martin Luther King Boulevard and Broadway, is a major transportation hub where the PATCO, NJ Transit buses, and Greyhounds all meet.[323] Since its opening the River Line was running 24-hours a day, but switched in 2010 to no service after 10pm. Fares are priced at $1.70 and are stamped by an employee when boarding the train and fare evasion carries a fine of up to $100.[321] Along with physical tickets that can be purchased at each station, online tickets can be purchased through smart phones on the NJ Transit App. The River Line was the first railroad to use a diesel LRV vehicle. Using diesel LRV vehicles made it cheaper to run and much easier to start and stop because of the frequent stations and cross roads that the rail stops for.[56] Since the start of this type of transit multiple other cities have started to use it as well, including Austin, Texas.

The PATCO Speedline offers frequent train service to Philadelphia and the suburbs to the east in Camden County, including Camden, Collingswood, Haddon Township, Haddonfield, Cherry Hill, Voorhees, and Lindenwold.[citation needed] Throughout the two states there are a total of 13 stations. Unlike most major US transit systems, the PACTO Speedline is running 24-hours a day. Opening in 1926 under the name of The Delaware River Bridge Commission, the rail consisted of 6 Philadelphia stops, and only two Camden stops, City Hall, and Broadway station. In 1951 Pennsylvania and New Jersey signed a contract allowing the expansion of the railroad.[324] These expansions included station between Camden and Lindenwold. Unlike the River Line the PATCO uses automated fare collection. The first station after crossing the river into Philadelphia, Franklin Square closed in 1979 because of the low number of riders. The station was proposed for a remodel and is planned on opening during the summer of 2024.[325] From 1969 to 2006 the system used plastic tickets which had an oxide layer on the entire back side used for magnetic encoding. Starting in 2006 the use of contactless paper tickets with a much smaller magnetic strip made the production and storage of tickets much cheaper and wasteful. Along with the paper tickets frequent rides could buy a plastic reusable card that could be refilled and also provide discounts on both fairs and specifics store near each station. Stations outside of the cities including Ferry ave, Collingswood, Vestment, Haddonfield, Woodcrest, Ashland, and Lindenwold, provide free day time parking and one dollar overnight parking, while the stations in the cities do not have access to parking.[326]

The RiverLink Ferry opened March 1992, as a passenger ferry service that crossed the Delaware River connecting the Camden Water Front with Philadelphia's, Penn's Landing. The ferry operates daily from May through September, and on Fridays through Sundays in April and October.[327] Docking at Wiggins Park, located between the Adventure Aquarium and the Battleship New Jersey, the ferry provides access to the Adventure Aquarium, Battleship New Jersey, Camden's Children's Garden, and the Freedom Mortgage Pavilion.[328] On the Philadelphia side of the river the ferry docks at the Independence Seaport Museum, and provides access to the many attractions located at Penns Landing, including multiple city piers, and restaurants as well as Museums, the battle ship Olympia, and the submarine Becuna.[329] Penn's Landing open up up the opportunity to exploring the historical section of Center City Philadelphia including Independence Hall, and City Hall. Round trip ticket prices range from $8 for children and seniors to $10 for adults while children under the age of four ride for free.[330]

The RiverLink Ferry was not the first ferry to call Camden home. Since the start of the United States there has been a need to transport goods and people across the Delaware. Before the construction of the Ben Franklin Bridge there were multiple ferries that launched from Camdens waterfront including on Market street, and Vine street located in the downtown area, as well as Kaighn ave located in South Camden. During the winter when the river had frozen horse were used to tow the ferries across like sleds, which helped slow the number of injuries and death that occurred from individuals that walked across the ice. On one occasion the fire started aboard one of the ferries. On March 15, 1856, the Delaware was full of floating chucks of ice rushing through the ruff current when flames burst out along the upper deck. People on board did their best to calm the fire with buckets of freezing water but resorted to jumping over board.[331] As a result, over sixty people died in the accident with countless missing while only 30 made it out alive. Between the years of 1727and 1766 more than 800 slaves were brought by 3 different ferries and sold in Downtown, Camden.[332] Today there are historical signs placed at these three sites to commemorate the people sold there.[333]

Public safety

[edit]

Fire Department

[edit]
Camden Fire Department (CFD)
Operational area
StateNew Jersey
CityCamden
Agency overview
Established1869
Annual calls~10,000
Employees~200
Facilities and equipment
Divisions1
Battalions2
Stations5
Engines5
Trucks3
Squads1 (rescue-pumper)
Rescues1
HAZMAT1
USAR1
Fireboats1
Light and air1
A fire department in Camden, NJ
The Fire Administration Building on N 3rd Street in Camden, NJ
One of the fire engines in the garage at N 3rd St Fire Administration Building.
Fire Engine at N 3rd St. Fire Administration Building.

Officially organized in 1869, the Camden Fire Department (CFD) is the oldest paid fire department in New Jersey and is among the oldest paid fire departments in the United States. In 1916, the CFD was the first in the United States that had an all-motorized fire apparatus fleet.[334][335][336] Layoffs have forced the city to rely on assistance from suburban fire departments in surrounding communities when firefighters from all 10 fire companies are unavailable due to calls.[337]

The Camden Fire Department currently operates out of five fire stations, organized into two battalions. Each battalion is commanded by a battalion chief, who in turn reports to a deputy chief. The CFD currently operates five engine companies, one squad (rescue-pumper), three ladder companies, and one rescue company, as well as several other special, support, and reserve units. The department's fireboat is docked on the Delaware River. Currently, the quarters of Squad 7, a rescue-pumper, located at 1115 Kaighn Avenue, has been closed for renovations. Squad 7 is currently operating out of the Broadway Station. Since 2010, the Camden Fire Department has suffered severe economic cutbacks, including company closures and staffing cuts.[338]

Fire station locations and operations

[edit]

The following is a list of all fire stations and company locations in the city of Camden:[339] There is an apparatus fleet of 5 Engines, 1 Squad (rescue-pumper), 1 Rescue Company, 1 Haz-Mat Unit, 1 Collapse Rescue Unit, 3 Ladder Companies, 1 Fireboat, 1 Air Cascade Unit, 1 Chief of department, 3 Deputy Chiefs, 1 Chief Fire Marshall and 2 Battalion Chiefs Units. Each shift is commanded by two Battalion Chiefs and one Deputy Chief.

Engine company or Squad Company Ladder Company Special Unit Car or Battalion Chief Unit Battalion Address Neighborhood
Engine 1, Engine 6 Ladder 1 Fireboat 1(Docked in Delaware River) Car 1 (Chief of Department), Car 2 (Deputy Chief), Car 3 (Deputy Chief), Car 4 (Deputy Chief), Car 5 (Chief Fire Marshal) 1 4 N. 3rd St. Center City
Squad 7 (rescue-pumper) Ladder 2(Tiller) Rescue 1, Collapse Rescue 1, Haz-Mat. Unit 1 Battalion Chief 1 1 1301 Broadway South Camden
Engine 9 Tower Ladder 3 Battalion Chief 2 2 3 N. 27th St. East Camden
Engine 10 Air Cascade Unit 1 2500 Morgan Blvd. South Camden
Engine 11 2 901 N. 27th St. Cramer Hill

Police Department

[edit]

In 2005, the Camden Police Department was operated by the state.[340] In 2011, it was announced that a new county police department would be formed, which would only patrol areas inside the city.[341]

For two years, Camden experienced its lowest homicide rate since 2008. Camden also reorganized its police disbandment that same year.[342] In 2011, Camden's budget was $167 million with $55 million allotted for police spending. However, the police force still experienced a budgetary shortfall when state aid fell through.[342] Camden was rated No. 5 nationwide for homicides with approximately 87 murders per 100,000 residents in 2012.[343] The city added crime-fighting tactics like surveillance cameras, better street lighting, and curfews for children. Although they added these tactics, the number of murders had risen again.[342] As a last resort, officers were only authorized to use handguns and handcuffs.

Robberies, property crimes, nonfatal shooting incidents, violent crimes, and aggravated assaults have declined since 2012.[343] In November 2012, Camden began the process of terminating 273 officers to later hire 400 new officers, out of the 2,000 applicants that have already submitted letters of interest to the county, to have a fresh start of a larger, non-unionized group to safeguard the nation's poorest city.[342][344] The city's officers rejected a contract proposal from the county that would have allowed approximately all 260 Camden county's police officers to Camden Police Metro Division, to only 49% of them to be eligible to be rehired once the 141-year-old department becomes disbanded.[345]

Although the homicide rate averaged 48 since 2008, in April 2013 the city reported 57 homicides in a population of 77,000, compared to 67 homicides in 2012.[346] In mid-March 2013, Camden residents would have noticed the first changes once the first group of officers became employed, and were in an eight-week field of training on the Camden streets.[347] On May 1, 2013, Camden County's Police Department was disbanded due to a union contract that made it financially impossible to keep officers on the street. While the existing county officers were still present, Camden County's Police Department brought in 25 new officers to train in neighborhoods in hopes they could regain the trust of local communities.[342] The members of the new "county" police force had lower salaries, along with fewer benefits, than they had received from the city.[346] Because of the reorganized force in 2013, the number of cops in the streets has increased, and spread throughout Camden. Camden's new police force began patrolling in tandem, speaking with residents, and driving patrol cars.[346] Camden County Police Department hosted several Meet Your Officers events to further engage with residents.

In 2018, the Camden County Police Department reported that violent crime had dropped 18%, led by a 21% decline in aggravated assaults; overall nonviolent crimes fell by 12%, the number of arson incidents fell by 29%, burglaries by 21%, and non-fatal "shooting hit incidents" had dropped by 15%.[33] In 2017 there were 23 homicides reported, which was a 30-year low.[33] In 2018, 2019, and 2020, there were 22, 24, and 23 homicides respectively.

A CNN report proposed that Camden might be a national model for what police abolition or "defunding the police" could look like. The report noted that Camden still had its own police force, but it was being administered by a different body, and had changed some of its overall procedures and policies.[348] A report in The Morning Call noted that the county police department, which is distinct from the county sheriff's office, and operates solely in Camden, had a budget of $68.5 million in 2020, compared to the city department's $55 million in 2011, shortly prior to its dissolution, and that police funding in Camden was higher on a per capita basis than that of other NJ cities with their own city-run departments. There are 380 full-time officers in the county-run department.[349]

Crime

[edit]
Camden
Crime rates* (2017)
Violent crimes
Homicide31
Rape75
Robbery411
Aggravated assault956
Property crimes
Burglary584
Larceny-theft1,409
Motor vehicle theft551
Notes

*Number of reported crimes per 100,000 population.

2017 population: 74,532

Source: 2017 Neighborhood Scout

Camden once had a national reputation for its violent crime rates, although recent years have seen a significant drop in violent crime, with 2017 seeing the lowest number of homicides in three decades.[350]

Morgan Quitno has ranked Camden as one of the top ten most dangerous cities in the United States since 1998, when they first included cities with populations less than 100,000. Camden was ranked as the third-most dangerous city in 2002, and the most dangerous city overall in 2004 and 2005.[351][352] It improved to the fifth spot for the 2006 and 2007 rankings but rose to number two in 2008[353][354][355] and to the most dangerous spot in 2009.[356] Morgan Quitno based its rankings on crime statistics reported to the Federal Bureau of Investigation in six categories: murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, and auto theft.[357] In 2011 in The Nation, journalist Chris Hedges described Camden as "the physical refuse of postindustrial America",[358] plagued with homelessness, drug trafficking, prostitution, robbery, looting, constant violence, and an overwhelmed police force (which in 2011 lost nearly half of its officers to budget-related layoffs).[359]

On October 29, 2012, the FBI announced Camden was ranked first in violent crime per capita of cities with over 50,000 residents.[360]

There were 23 homicides in Camden in 2017, the lowest since 1987 and almost half as many as the 44 murders the previous year. Both homicides and non-fatal shootings have declined sharply since 2012, when there were a record 67 homicides in the city.[361] In 2020 there were again 23 homicides reported. 2021 saw 23 homicides and a further reduction in violent crime, contrasting national trends.[362]

Total violent crime in the city declined in 2022, despite 28 murders and a spike of 29% in non-violent crime, highlighted by a sharp increase in car-related crime.[363]

Education

[edit]

Public schools

[edit]
Main article: Camden City School District

Camden's public schools are operated by the Camden City School District. The district is one of 31 former Abbott districts statewide that were established pursuant to the decision by the New Jersey Supreme Court in Abbott v. Burke[364] which are now referred to as "SDA Districts" based on the requirement for the state to cover all costs for school building and renovation projects in these districts under the supervision of the New Jersey Schools Development Authority.[365][366] As of the 2020–21 school year, the district, comprised of 19 schools, had an enrollment of 7,553 students and 668.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.3:1.[367]

High schools in the district (with 2020–21 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[368]) are Brimm Medical Arts High School[369] (175; 9–12), Camden Big Picture Learning Academy[370] (196; 6–12), Camden High School[371] (347; 9–12), Creative Arts Academy[372] (290; 6–12), Eastside High School[373] (784; 9–12) and Pride Academy[374] (63; 6–12).[375][376][377]

Charter and renaissance schools

[edit]
KIPP Cooper Norcross Lanning Square Primary and Middle School

In 2012, The Urban Hope Act was signed into law, allowing renaissance schools to open in Trenton, Newark, and Camden. The renaissance schools, run by charter companies, differed from charter schools, as they enrolled students based on the surrounding neighborhood, similar to the city school district. This makes renaissance schools a hybrid of charter and public schools. This is the act that allowed Knowledge Is Power Program (KIPP), Uncommon Schools, and Mastery Schools to open in the city.[378]

Under the renaissance charter school proposal, the Henry L. Bonsall Family School became Uncommon Schools Camden Prep Mt. Ephraim Campus, East Camden Middle School has become part of Mastery Charter Schools, Francis X. Mc Graw Elementary School and Rafael Cordero Molina Elementary School have become part of the Mastery charter network. The J.G Whittier Family school has become part of the KIPP Public Charter Schools as KIPP Cooper Norcross Academy. Students were given the option to stay with the school under their transition or seek other alternatives.[379]

In the 2013–14 school year, Camden city proposed a budget of $72 million to allot to charter schools in the city. In previous years, Camden city charter schools have used $52 million and $66 million in the 2012–2013 and 2013–2014 school years, respectively.[380]

March 9, 2015, marked the first year of the new Camden Charter Schools open enrollment. Mastery and Uncommon charter schools did not meet enrollment projections for their first year of operation by 15% and 21%, according to Education Law Center.[381]

In October 2016, Governor Chris Christie, Camden Mayor Dana L. Redd, Camden Public Schools Superintendent Paymon Rouhanifard, and state and local representatives announced a historical $133 million investment of a new Camden High School Project.[382] The new school is planned to be ready for student occupancy in 2021. It would have 9th and 12th grade.

As of 2019, there are 3,850 Camden students enrolled in one of the city's renaissance schools, and 4,350 Camden students are enrolled one of the city's charter schools.[383] Combined, these students make up approximately 55% of the 15,000 students in Camden.

Charter schools

[edit]

Renaissance schools

[edit]
  • Uncommon Schools Camden Prep
  • KIPP Cooper Norcross
    • Lanning Square Primary School
    • Lanning Square Middle School
    • Whittier Middle School
  • Mastery Schools of Camden
    • Cramer Hill Elementary
    • Molina Lower Elementary
    • Molina Upper Elementary
    • East Camden Middle
    • Mastery High School of Camden
    • McGraw Elementary[385]

Private education

[edit]

Holy Name School,[386] Sacred Heart Grade School,[387] and St. Joseph Pro-Cathedral School (founded in 1894)[388] are K–8 elementary schools operating under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Camden.[389] They operate as four of the five schools in the Catholic Partnership Schools, a post-parochial model of Urban Catholic Education.[390]

Higher education

[edit]
Rutgers University–Camden and the Philadelphia skyline (background)

The University District, adjacent to the downtown, is home to the following institutions:

Libraries

[edit]

The city was once home to two Carnegie libraries, the Main Building[399] and the Cooper Library in Johnson Park.[400] The city's once extensive library system, beleaguered by financial difficulties, threatened to close at the end of 2010, but was incorporated into the county system.[401][402] The main branch closed in February 2011,[403] and was later reopened by the county in the bottom floor of the Paul Robeson Library at Rutgers University.[404]

Camden also has three academic libraries; The Paul Robeson Library at Rutgers University-Camden serves Rutgers undergraduate and graduate students, as well as students from the Camden campuses of Camden County College and Rowan University. Rutgers Law School has a law library and Cooper Medical School at Rowan has a medical library.

Sports

[edit]

Baseball

[edit]

The Camden Riversharks and Campbell's Field

[edit]

Campbell's Field opened alongside of the Benjamin Franklin Bridge in May 2001 after two years of construction. Campbell's Field was a 6,700-seat baseball park in Camden, New Jersey, United States that hosted its first regular season baseball game on May 11, 2001. The riverfront project was a joint venture backed by the state, Rutgers University–Camden, Cooper's Ferry Development Association and the Delaware River Port Authority. The construction of the ballpark was a $24 million project that also included $7 million in environmental remediation costs before building.[405] Before the construction of Campbell's Field, the plot of land was vacant and historically known to house industrial buildings and businesses such as Campbell Soup Company Plant No. 2, Pennsylvania & Reading Rail Road's Linden Street Freight Station. The park, located at Delaware and Penn Avenues on the Camden Waterfront features a view of the Benjamin Franklin Bridge connecting Camden and a clear view of the Philadelphia skyline.

The Camden Riversharks were an American professional baseball team based in Camden. They were a member of the Liberty Division of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. From the 2001 season to 2015, the Riversharks played their home games at Campbell's Field, which is situated next to the Benjamin Franklin Bridge. Due to its location on the Camden Waterfront the field offers a clear view of the Philadelphia skyline. The "Riversharks" name refers to the location of Camden on the Delaware River. The Riversharks were the first professional baseball team in Camden, New Jersey since the 1904 season.[406] On October 21, 2015, the Camden Riversharks announced they would cease operations immediately due to the inability to reach an agreement on lease terms with the owner of Campbell's Field, the Camden County Improvement Authority.[407][408]

Campbell's Field was bought in August 2015 by the Camden County Improvement Authority (CCIA). In October 2015, after failing to reach an agreement with CCIA, the stadium's primary professional tenant, the Camden Riversharks, ceased operations.

After the loss of the Riversharks lease in 2015, the stadium had for the most part been unused, with its only activity being Rutgers University-Camden's home baseball games.[409] In September 2018, a contractor was awarded the $1.1 million task of demolishing the stadium, which had cost the state and port authority around $35 million in property loans and leases.[410] Demolition was scheduled for December 2018 and would likely continue into the following spring.[410] The site is planned to become the host of future development projects jointly owned by Rutgers University and the city of Camden.[410] As of spring 2019, the Rutgers baseball team will play the entirety of their season on the road, following the demolition of their home stadium.[410] An investment totaling $15 million, planned to be split evenly between Rutgers and the city of Camden, will reportedly develop the area into a recreational complex for the city, as well as accommodations for the university's NCAA Division III sports teams.[411]

Basketball

[edit]

Philadelphia 76ers training facility

[edit]
The training facility of the Philadelphia 76ers in Camden

The Philadelphia 76ers Training Complex had been planned for different areas, with the Camden waterfront being one of the potential sites.[412] The team had also deliberated building on the local Camden Navy Yard, including receiving architect mock-ups of a 55,000 square foot facility for an estimated $20–25 million, but these plans didn't come to fruition.[412] Eventually, an $82 million grant was approved by the New Jersey Economic Development Authority to begin construction of the training facility in Camden, and was scheduled to break ground in October 2014.[413] Based on contingent hiring, the grant was to be paid out over 10 years, with the facility scheduled to host practices by 2016.[413] The grant was somewhat controversial in that it saves the 76ers organization from paying any property taxes or fees that would be accrued by the building over its first decade. Vocal opponents of the facility claim that the site has now joined a list of large companies or industries that are invited to Camden with significant monetary incentive, at great expense to local tax payers as a form of corporate welfare.[414]

The facility was to be divided into both player and coach accommodations, as well as office facilities for the rest of the organization. Of the space, 66,230 square feet (6,153 m2) were devoted solely to the 2 full-sized basketball courts and player training facilities, while the remainder of the 125,000 square foot complex was reserved for offices and operations.[415] While the 76ers used to share their practice facilities with the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, they now claim one of the largest and most advanced facilities in the NBA.[415] The training facilities include the two full-size courts, as well as a weight room, full hydrotherapy room, Gatorade Fuel Bar, full players-only restaurant and personal chef, medical facilities, film room, and full locker room. The complex will eventually provide 250 jobs, including team staff and marketing employees.[415][416]

Points of interest

[edit]
[edit]

The fictional Camden mayor Carmine Polito in the 2013 film American Hustle is loosely based on 1970s Camden mayor Angelo Errichetti.[420]

The 1995 film 12 Monkeys contains scenes on Camden's Admiral Wilson Boulevard.[421]

In 2024, the fitness influencer, Will Tennyson, published a video exploring Camden's health and fitness concerns. Notably, the lack of access to fresh food. [422]

Notable people

[edit]
See also: Category:People from Camden, New Jersey

Actors and actresses

[edit]

Architects and artists

[edit]

Athletes

[edit]

Authors, poets, and writers

[edit]

Military

[edit]

Musicians

[edit]

Politicians and public officials

[edit]

Other

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  2. ^ a b Office of the Mayor, City of Camden. Accessed June 2, 2024.
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  432. ^ Ortiz, Eric. "Camden's 'Funny Chick'; Tasha Smith grew up in a hardscrabble neighborhood of east Camden, where the temptations of the streets seemed to outweigh those of the classroom. During her freshman year at Camden High School, she dropped out, turned to drugs, and forged friendships with people who would wind up in jail or dead.", New Jersey Monthly, December 20, 2007. Accessed July 29, 2019. "Tasha Smith grew up in a hardscrabble neighborhood of east Camden, where the temptations of the streets seemed to outweigh those of the classroom. During her first year at Camden High School, she dropped out, turned to drugs, and forged friendships with people who would wind up in jail or dead."
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  439. ^ "Camden boxer Alexander earns draw in debut", Courier-Post, July 23, 2008. Accessed October 22, 2013. "Max Alexander didn't get the victory he so badly sought, but things could have turned out worse for the Camden boxer who was making his debut last weekend as a cruiserweight with a 200-pound weight limit."
  440. ^ Staff. "Eagles sign Camden's Baker" Archived October 23, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, The Times, March 12, 2009. Accessed October 22, 2013. "The Eagles yesterday made another move in free agency to bolster their depth in the secondary, signing Camden native Rashad Baker to a one-year contract."
  441. ^ Staff. "Martin Y. Bergen, Lawyer, Athlete — Former Football and Baseball Player at Princeton, Famous as Backfield Coach, Dies — Family Noted in Jersey — Bergen County Named for His Ancestors — Was Attorney for Caruso's Daughter", The New York Times, July 9, 1941. Accessed October 22, 2013. "Born in Camden, N.J., he was a descendant of one of New Jersey's oldest families, one for which Bergen County was named."
  442. ^ Staff. "Art Best, former Hartley and Notre Dame football star, dies at 61", The Columbus Dispatch, October 17, 2014. Accessed October 13, 2015. "Arthur R. Best was born in Camden, N.J."
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  464. ^ Staff. "Kenny's Korner", Orlando Sentinel, October 3, 1988. Accessed January 21, 2018. "The Philadelphia Eagle who thought he wanted to run a corner deli in Camden, N.J., is back on the team. Eagles spokesman Jim Gallagher confirmed Saturday that former wide receiver Kenny Jackson has signed a 1-year contract with the team. He retired after the 1987 season to run a deli called Kenny's Korner."
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  470. ^ Goldstein, Richard. "Harvey Pollack, a Statistician in N.B.A. From Day 1, Dies at 93", The New York Times, June 24, 2015. Accessed June 24, 2015. "Herbert Harvey Pollack was born on March 9, 1922, in Camden, N.J., a son of dressmakers, but grew up in Philadelphia near Shibe Park (later Connie Mack Stadium), home to baseball's Phillies and Athletics."
  471. ^ Dettloff, William. "Camden Buzzsaw tore through competition in the ring as well as the streets; While his contemporaries were fine-tuning their skills in the amateur circuit, Dwight Muhammad Qawi was developing his game on the streets of Camden, N.J., writes William Dettloff.", ESPN, June 13, 2008. Accessed October 15, 2012. "Qawi? 'I learned to fight on the streets in Camden [N.J.],' he told ESPN.com."
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  480. ^ "Humphrey to Headline Wednesday's Mat Card", The Bridgeport Post, February 17, 1959. Accessed February 23, 2022, via Newspapers.com. "Frank Townsend, the popular 'Singing Wrestler' from Camden, N. J., has been matched with Wild Bull Curry, the beetle-browed ruffian from Hartford."
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  482. ^ via Associated Press. "Messages to Loser Criticize Verdict — Telegrams, Phone Calls Deluge Walcott Home in Camden, but Joe Is Elsewhere", The New York Times, December 7, 1947. Accessed November 13, 2013. "Jersey Joe Walcott went into seclusion today as telegrams poured in at his modest Camden home rapping the split decision that deprived him of the heavyweight title."
  483. ^ Darrell Wilson, Wagner Seahawks football. Accessed February 25, 2024. "A native of Camden, NJ where he starred at Pennsauken High School, Wilson is a 1981 graduate of the University of Connecticut, where he earned All-American honors."
  484. ^ Bo Wood NFL Stats, Pro Football Archives. Accessed September 13, 2022. "Born: November 3, 1945 Camden, NJ High School: Haddon Heights (NJ)"
  485. ^ via Associated Press. "E. Cavanna Harrison; Prolific U.S. Writer", Los Angeles Times, August 15, 2001. Accessed September 2, 2019. "Born in Camden, N.J., Harrison contracted polio as a child and it left her with a slight limp."
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  487. ^ Sandomir, Richard. "Andrew Clements, 70, Dies; Wrote Best-Selling Children's Books", The New York Times, December 15, 2019. Accessed September 15, 2020. "Andrew Elborn Clements was born on May 29, 1949, in Camden, N.J., and grew up in nearby Oaklyn and Cherry Hill before moving with his family to Springfield, Ill., when he was in the sixth grade."
  488. ^ Fox, Margalit. "Andrea Dworkin, Writer and Crusading Feminist, Dies at 58", The New York Times, April 12, 2005. Accessed August 22, 2023. "Andrea Rita Dworkin was born on Sept. 26, 1946, in Camden, N.J., and earned a bachelor's degree in literature from Bennington College in 1968."
  489. ^ McCauley, Mary Carole. "BSO oboist Michael Lisicky's books recall department stores of the past", The Baltimore Sun, November 18, 2013. Accessed September 2, 2019. "Lisicky, who was born in 1964, was just a boy when he began accompanying his mother to the department stores anchoring the towns and cities around Camden, N.J., where he grew up."
  490. ^ Staff. "Here, There & Everywhere: An Insider's Guide to What's Hot in Town", Philadelphia Daily News, May 10, 1985. Accessed February 2, 2011. "Friday Nick Virgilio, one of the world's most respected haiku poets, makes a hometown appearance Friday at 8 p.m. at Camden's Walt Whitman Center, 2nd & Cooper streets."
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  498. ^ Morrison, John F. "George E. 'Butch' Ballard, drummer with big bands", Philadelphia Daily News, October 10, 2011. Accessed October 22, 2013. "George was born in Camden and grew up in Frankford. He attended Northeast High."
  499. ^ "Paul Baloche: A Songwriter's Worship", Christian Broadcasting Network. Accessed September 2, 2019. "Paul grew up in Camden, New Jersey, in a strong Catholic family."
  500. ^ Lloyd, Jack. "A Solo Engagement For A Labelle Backup Singer; Carla Benson, A Camden Native, Is At The Claridge", The Philadelphia Inquirer, November 27, 1987. Accessed June 29, 2016. "For more than four years, Benson, 33 and a native of Camden, was one of the Sweeties, the female trio that backs LaBelle."
  501. ^ Bascom, Lionel C., ed. Voices of the African American Experience, p. 673. ABC-CLIO, 2009. ISBN 9780313343483. Accessed July 29, 2019. "Cindy Birdsong: I was born in Mt. Holly, New Jersey and raised in Camden, the oldest of eight kids."
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  504. ^ Grudens, Richard. The Italian Crooners Bedside Companion, p. 205. Celebrity Profiles Publishing, 2004. ISBN 9780976387701. Accessed July 29, 2019. "Columbo – A Career Cut Short Bing Crosby spoke kindly of his rival Russ Columbo, the Camden, New Jersey-born Prisoner of Love' recording star of the 1930s:"
  505. ^ Nelson-Gabriel, Melissa; and Gans, Charles J. via Associated Press. "Camden-born jazz great Buddy DeFranco dies at 91", Courier-Post, December 28, 2014. Accessed December 29, 2014. "Born in 1923 in Camden, DeFranco was raised in South Philadelphia and began playing the clarinet at age 9."
  506. ^ Steele, Allison. "Samuel Dockery, 86; Philadelphia jazz pianist", The Philadelphia Inquirer, December 28, 2015. Accessed December 11, 2022. "Born in Camden, Mr. Dockery was the oldest of eight siblings raised by a single mother who taught her children how to play piano, said his sister Dolly Roth, of Mount Laurel."
  507. ^ "Hommage à Wayne Dockery : le contrebassiste et le cheminot; Une centaine d'invités, dont Archie Shepp, célébreront, le 30 septembre au Sunside à Paris, le contrebassiste mort en juin.", Le Monde, September 28, 2018. Accessed September 2, 2019. "Né à Camden (New Jersey) le 27 juin 1941, le contrebassiste Wayne Dockery est mort le 11 juin 2018 des suites d'un cancer."
  508. ^ Nick Douglas, Encyclopaedia Metallum. Accessed September 2, 2019. "Place of origin: United States (Camden, New Jersey)"
  509. ^ Arnold, Patrick via Associated Press. "Her Simple Night Club Act Is Enough For Lola Falana", Toledo Blade, March 21, 1980. Accessed July 2, 2012. "A native of Camden, Miss Falana began attending dance school when she was three, and before she reached her teens she had landed a slot in the late Dinah Washington's night club act."
  510. ^ "New Name, New Everything". Courier-Post. January 23, 1987.
  511. ^ Staff. "'Groove' Holmes, 60, A Giant to Jazz, Friends", The Philadelphia Inquirer, July 2, 1991. Accessed July 3, 2011. "Born and raised Richard Jackson in Camden, Groove took his stepfather's last name for show business."
  512. ^ Leon Huff- Gamble-Huff Music Archived July 28, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Accessed December 8, 2012.
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  514. ^ "15 reasons why Philly's music scene will go from 10 to 11 in 2013 | The Key". Thekey.xpn.org. December 28, 2012. Retrieved January 22, 2013.
  515. ^ Nosnitsky, Andrew. "Meet Ronny J, the aggro rap producer rupturing eardrums The New Jersey native explains how he went from playing in the church choir to soundtracking South Florida's warped rap sound.", The Fader, February 21, 2018. Accessed September 2, 2019. "Over the past few years, no rap producer's name has been more synonymous with distortion than Ronny J. Though born in Camden, New Jersey, the 25-year-old is best known as the sonic anchor to South Florida's rambunctious hip hop scene."
  516. ^ Nemy, Enid. "Anna Sosenko, 90, Producer, Songwriter and Stars' Friend", The New York Times, June 11, 2000. Accessed September 2, 2019. "Ms. Sosenko was born in Camden, N.J., on June 13, 1909, the daughter of Rebecca and Simon Sosenko."
  517. ^ DeLuca, Dan (April 28, 1994). "Today's Walk Of Fame Honorees Include 2 Oak Ridge Boys Just a Couple of Philly-Area Country Boys". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. D01. Retrieved February 25, 2017.
  518. ^ "Oak Ridge Boys Just A Couple Of Philly-area Country Boys", The Philadelphia Inquirer, April 28, 1994. Accessed December 5, 2017. "Bonsall grew up in the Harrowgate section of Philadelphia, near the Tioga Street el stop; Sterban was born across the river in Camden and grew up in Collingswood."
  519. ^ McNally, Owen. "Woody Herman's 'Herd' Still Thundering, 70 Years Later", Hartford Courant, July 13, 2006. Accessed September 2, 2019. "Born in Camden, N.J., Dec. 4, 1928, Tiberi was a musical prodigy in a working-class, Italian immigrant family."
  520. ^ "Camden gospel singer Tye Tribbett sends spiritual messages through music", The Star-Ledger, April 20, 2014. Accessed September 2, 2019. "'He Turned It,' arguably the most critically acclaimed recording released by a New Jersey artist in 2013, is the climactic track of Greater Than, Tribbett's fifth album – a varied, inspiring and creative set. Grammy voters took note of the album's brilliance: This January, the Camden artist walked away from the Staples Center in Los Angeles with two trophies."
  521. ^ Blank, Matthew. "Playbill.com's Cue & A: Phantom of the Opera U.S. Tour Star Julia Udine", Playbill, January 14, 2014. Accessed July 29, 2019. "Where you were born/where you were raised: Born in Camden, NJ. Raised in Voorhees, NJ."
  522. ^ Belli, Brita. "Multimedia premiere 'The Raft' features experimental music, art, and alumni", Yale News, April 3, 2018. "Growing up in Camden, New Jersey, a young Jack Vees, founder and director of the Center for Studies in Music Technology at Yale, was entranced by the story."
  523. ^ Waters, Crystal. "Take Five With Crystal Waters", All About Jazz, May 9, 2013. Accessed November 24, 2018. "She was born in Camden, New Jersey to a jazz family, right outside of Philadelphia."
  524. ^ Wynn, Ron. "Buster Williams: Blendability", JazzTimes, April 1, 2001. Accessed September 2, 2019. "Though Williams began working professionally upon graduating from Camden High School in Camden, New Jersey, he eventually took some courses in Composition and Harmony and Theory at Combs College of Music in Philadelphia."
  525. ^ Manual of the Legislature of New Jersey, 2008, p. 255. E. J. Mullin, 2008. Accessed December 4, 2022 "John F. Amodeo, Rep., Margate - Mr. Amodeo was born Aug. 1, 1950, in Camden and raised on Absecon Island. He attended Margate schools and is a graduate of St. Augustine Prep."
  526. ^ Benson, Josh. "A Spoiler Is Lurking South Of Trenton", The New York Times, November 28, 2004. Accessed August 22, 2018. "Just ask Representative Rob Andrews, the hyper-talented son of Camden who ran for governor in 1997 as the anointed champion of the South Jersey Democratic machine."
  527. ^ Andrews, Robert Ernest, (1957 – ), Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed September 12, 2018. "Andrews, Robert Ernest, a Representative from New Jersey; born in Camden, Camden County, N.J., August 4, 1957"
  528. ^ Staff. "David Baird Jr., Ex-Senator, Dies — Jersey G.O.P. Leader Was President of Lumber and Insurance Companies", The New York Times, March 1, 1955. Accessed October 22, 2013. "Mr. Baird was born in Camden."
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  532. ^ William John Browning, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed August 16, 2007.
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  534. ^ Manual of the Legislature of New Jersey: 2004 Edition, p. 266. Lawyers Diary and Manual, LLC, 2004. ISBN 9781577411871. Accessed October 6, 2019. "The assemblywoman was born in Camden and attended public schools."
  535. ^ Naedele, Walter F. "Mary DiSabato; headed N.J. State Parole Board", The Philadelphia Inquirer, October 23, 2016. Accessed October 27, 2016. "Born in Camden, Mrs. DiSabato graduated from Camden High School in 1946 and served as a Sixth District Assemblywoman, covering parts of Camden and Burlington Counties from 1974 to 1980, son Stephen Croce said."
  536. ^ "Obituary of The Honorable Lawrence Curry – Helweg & Rowland Funeral Home". helwegrowlandfh.com. Retrieved June 3, 2019.
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  538. ^ James Dellet, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed October 16, 2017. "Dellet, James, a Representative from Alabama; born in Camden, N.J., February 18, 1788"
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  541. ^ Gosselin, Kenneth R. "R. Nelson (Oz) Gribel", Hartford Courant, October 23, 1995. Accessed May 14, 2024. "Born: June 21, 1949, Camden, N.J."
  542. ^ Hagenmayer, S. Joseph. "John J. Horn, 81, Labor Activist, Former N.j. Government Official", The Philadelphia Inquirer, January 11, 1999. Accessed October 6, 2016. "Mr. Horn had lived in Seaside Park, Ocean County, for the last 20 years. Raised in Camden, he graduated from Woodrow Wilson High School, where he was an end on the football team."
  543. ^ Robert Stuart MacAlister reference file, Los Angeles Public Library. Accessed September 7, 2011.
  544. ^ Avril, Tom. "Whitman Picks A Five-year Aide As Chief Counsel", The Philadelphia Inquirer, March 5, 1999. Accessed August 5, 2015. "Gov. Whitman yesterday named as her chief counsel Richard S. Mroz, an administration member since 1994 who recently has coordinated state involvement in economic-development projects such as redeveloping the waterfront in his native Camden."
  545. ^ Norcross, Donald, (1958 – ), Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed September 12, 2018. "Norcross, Donald, a Representative from New Jersey; born in Camden, Camden County, N.J., December 13, 1958"
  546. ^ Questionnaire for Judicial Nominees: Christine Patricia O'Hearn", United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Accessed January 29, 2023. "Birthplace: State year and place of birth. 1969; Camden, New Jersey"
  547. ^ Francis Ford Patterson Jr., Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed August 26, 2007.
  548. ^ "William T. Read Sr., Jersey Ex-Senator", The New York Times, August 8, 1954. Accessed July 2, 2022.
  549. ^ Assemblyman Bill Spearman, Camden, Camden County, New Jersey. Accessed January 14, 2020. "Born and raised in Camden City, Assemblyman Spearman is a lifelong resident and a former city councilman."
  550. ^ John Farson Starr, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed August 24, 2007.
  551. ^ General Catalogue of the Officers and Graduates of Vassar College, Volume 4, p. 319. Vassar College, The A. V. Haight Company, 1910. Accessed March 21, 2023. "Quaesita C. Drake, [born] Camden, N. J.; [residence while in college] Haddonfield, N. J., Camden and Atlantic City, N. J.; [present residence] 301 Market St. Camden."
  552. ^ "Oversight Hearings on the National Institute of Handicapped Research: Joint Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Select Education of the Committee on Education and Labor and the Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Technology of the Committee on Science and Technology, House of Representatives, Ninety-seventh Congress, First Session, Hearings Held in Washington, D.C., on October 12, 1981", United States Government Printing Office, 1982. Accessed July 22, 2021. "Biographical Sketch Of Margaret J. Giannini, M.D., F.A.A.P.... Personal: Born - Camden, New Jersey, May 27, 1921"
  553. ^ Baxter, Christopher. "New N.J. chief of criminal prosecutions sharpened skills battling N.Y. mobsters", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, March 24, 2013. Accessed January 12, 2023. "Honig was born in Camden. His mother was a social worker, and when he was 2 months old, he attended his father’s graduation from Rutgers School of Law."
  554. ^ Sullivan, Joseph F. "The Last Drive-In in New Jersey Is Fading to Black", The New York Times, August 31, 1991. Accessed January 17, 2012. "The first drive-in was the brainchild of Richard Hollingshead Jr. of Camden, who experimented by mounting a movie projector on the roof of his car to show home movies on the side of a building."
  555. ^ "McCargo Cooks!". Portal to gallery of photographs (11) related to Aaron McCargo Jr. Courier-Post. July 16, 2008. Accessed December 28, 2009.
  556. ^ "Aaron McCargo Cooking Lesson". Portal to gallery of photographs (18) related to Aaron McCargo Jr. Courier-Post. January 26, 2009. Accessed December 28, 2009.
  557. ^ Aaron McCargo Jr. Archived July 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Accessed December 27, 2009.
  558. ^ LaGorce, Tammy. "For Cooks Who Compete, the Challenges of Fame", The New York Times, January 28, 2011. Accessed July 2, 2012. "Aaron McCargo Jr., the bold-flavor-favoring winner of season 4 of Food Network's Next Food Network Star, did. Mr. McCargo has had his own show, Big Daddy's House, since 2008; the network guaranteed him six episodes as a result of his win. 'It's rocking along,' said Mr. McCargo, 38, a native of Camden who still lives in the area but will not disclose where."
  559. ^ Staff. A Community of Scholars: The Institute for Advanced Study Faculty and Members 1930–1980 Archived November 24, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, p. 289. Institute for Advanced Study, 1980. Accessed November 22, 2015. "Meritt, Lucy Shoe 48–49, 50–73 HS, Classical Archaeology Born 1906 Camden, NJ."
  560. ^ Sherman, Stephanie L., et al. "Newton E. Morton (1929–2018)", American Journal of Human Genetics, June 7, 2018. Accessed May 28, 2024. "Morton was born in 1929 in Camden, New Jersey, to parents who descended from the pilgrims of Massachusetts."
  561. ^ "It All Adds Up: Running, teaching and math.", Rowan University, September 16, 2009. Accessed November 24, 2020. "A Camden native who'd been considering a career in engineering, Dr. Osler suddenly had an opportunity, while still an undergraduate himself, to teach his first calculus course."
  562. ^ Clothier, Gary. "Ask Mr. Know It All" Archived September 29, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Youngstown Vindicator, February 12, 2012. Accessed July 2, 2012. "Jim Perry was born in 1933 in Camden, N.J. He was a talented athlete in high school. After graduating from the University of Pennsylvania, Perry became a singer, taking over for Eddie Fisher at Grossingers in the Catskill Mountains."
  563. ^ Goldstein, Stan. "At the Starting Gate: A Camden TV Network", Courier-Post, November 4, 1972. Accessed January 9, 2020. "Unless you're Tommy Roberts, a canny East Camden native with a flair for fashion, a gift for gab and an insistent 'can do' attitude."
  564. ^ Barnes, Mike. "Richard Valeriani, Longtime 'NBC Nightly News' Correspondent, Dies at 85", The Hollywood Reporter, June 18, 2018. Accessed June 18, 2018. "A native of Camden, New Jersey, Valeriani attended Yale University on a full scholarship and served as sports editor of the Yale Daily News."
  565. ^ Commire, Anne; Klezmer, Deborah, eds. (2007). "Woolman, Mary Schenck (1860–1940)". Dictionary of Women Worldwide: 25,000 Women Through the Ages. Vol. 2. Yorkin Publications. p. 2027. ISBN 9780787693947. OCLC 71817179. Retrieved August 22, 2020 – via Gale eBooks.
  566. ^ Garfinkel, Simson. PGP: Pretty Good Privacy, p. 85. O'Reilly Media, Inc., 1995. ISBN 9781565920989. Accessed July 29, 2014. "Zimmermann was born in Camden, New Jersey, in 1954, but his parents soon moved to southern Florida."
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Wikisource has the text of The New Student's Reference Work article "Camden".
Preceded by Bordering communities
of Philadelphia 		Succeeded by
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